Was Zhang Juzheng s reform successful? What s going on with Zhang Juzheng s reform?

Zhang Juzheng's reform (also known as Wanli Zhongxing) was a reform movement carried out in politics, economy, national defense and other aspects in order to save the Ming Dynasty and ease social contradictions during the Ming Dynasty.

Zhang Juzheng carried out reforms, rectified the administration of officials, consolidated border defense, and marked the improvement of state fiscal revenues. The reform touched the fundamental interests of the large landlord class and the wealthy aristocracy. After Zhang Juzheng's death, all but one of the whipping laws were abolished, and the reforms ended in failure.

Zhang Juzheng changed. Leather (also known as 10,000. Calendar.

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Zhang Juzheng, the head of the cabinet, is saving Ming. King. Towards the Eased Society.

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Move. Change. Revolution from 10,000. The first year of the calendar (1573) began, to 10,000. In the tenth year (1582), Zhang Juzheng went. The end of the world.

Zhang Juzheng changed. Leather, in the army. Affairs, politics.

Governance and economics. Rectification should be carried out in economic and other aspects, and special emphasis should be placed on the economy. economic reform.

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Anti-corruption. Defeat, side. Anti-loosening.

The situation of relaxation and the people's poverty and financial exhaustion.

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However, change. But the revolution touched the earth. Main tier. level and howe. The door is expensive. The fundamental benefits of the clan. Benefit.

Ten thousand. In the tenth year (1582), after Zhang Juzheng died of illness, except for a whip. Law. All other measures have been annulled. Except, change. In the end, the leather was lost. Defeat and defeat.

Zhang Juzheng is a relatively complex character, some people will give Zhang Juzheng a very famous evaluation, and some people will think that Zhang Juzheng is a typical representative of feudal society.

To a certain extent, when we look at various historical figures, we need to look at the stories of historical figures from an objective perspective as much as possible, and at the same time, there is no need to give too one-dimensional evaluation of historical figures. For Zhang Juzheng, Zhang Juzheng is a famous politician in Chinese history, he was born into a common family and showed extraordinary talent from an early age. Under his leadership, China went through a period of prosperity and prosperity, and his policies brought great progress to China.

Zhang Juzheng is a very diligent person, he has the courage to challenge, dare to innovate, and is very capable in his work. <>

Some people will give Zhang Juzheng a more positive evaluation.

Zhang Ju is a famous politician in Chinese history, and everything he does is for the Chinese people. Both politically and economically, he has made great contributions to the Chinese people. It is thanks to his efforts that China has been able to gain a firm foothold in the world.

Zhang Juzheng's character is very strong, and under his leadership, China has been able to achieve many scientific and technological breakthroughs. He attaches great importance to education and provides a better environment for the development of the Chinese people. Zhang Juzheng's talent is very outstanding, he is not only good at politics, but also good at economics, and can lead the Chinese people to prosperity.

Zhang Juzheng is also a very principled person.

Zhang Juzheng is very principled in doing things, he knows how to achieve his goals, and he can achieve his goals. There can't be any mistakes. At the same time, he will also make his country better, at that time there was no country in the whole world that could be compared with China, Zhang Juzheng was very principled when he did things, and worked hard to maintain the various systems at that time.

Finally, Zhang Juzheng has a very strong personality, he likes to be competitive and often argues with others. He is also very confident and loves a challenge. He thinks he can do anything, and is usually able to do it successfully.

The main contents of Zhang Juzheng's reform are as follows.

1. Politically rectify the rule of officials

Zhang Juzheng as the first assistant of the cabinet at that time, can be said to be heartbroken for the Ming Dynasty, he aimed at the officialdom at that time, vigorously cracked down on mediocre officials, formulated the examination law, used to assess the performance level, eliminated a large number of incompetent poor level, and at the same time strengthened the centralization of power, strengthened the power of the cabinet, so that the local government can effectively implement the orders he promulgated, so that the Ming Dynasty's official governance has been improved to a certain extent, and the quality of officials has been greatly improved. The level of competency has been improved to a certain extent.

2. Economically striking at the landlord economy

Zhang Juzheng's land annexation in the Ming Dynasty was very serious, Zhang Juzheng in view of the large landlords annexed a large number of land, he comprehensively measured the land throughout the country, and implemented the famous "one whip law", which is another major innovation in China's tax system, Zhang Juzheng's "one whip" law can be said to promote the tax level of the Ming Dynasty, but also to a certain extent to boost the development of the commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty, and at the same time hit the landlords and gentry to seize the momentum of land, It even gave birth to the germ of a capitalist commodity economy to some extent. At the same time, it also greatly increased the tax revenue of the Ming Dynasty, which enriched the treasury and greatly enhanced the country's economic strength.

3. Defense-oriented militarily

During the period of Zhang Juzheng, he reused Qi Jiguang, arranged for him to guard the Great Wall, and at the same time built fortifications, which was conducive to resisting the invasion of the Tatars, and also built warships on the southeast coast to prevent the harassment of the Japanese invaders. He started from the political, economic, and military aspects to save the Ming Dynasty and renew the life of the Ming Dynasty.

To sum up: Zhang Juzheng's reform is a contribution, his contribution can not be extinguished, his reform made the Ming Dynasty strong, and all countries came to the dynasty.

Reforms offend the fundamental interests of the ruling class; The finances of the Ming Dynasty have been poor and weak for a long time; The Ming Dynasty not only had serious economic losses, but also in all aspects, such as military and political; The voice of the conservatives overshadowed the reformists led by Zhang Juzheng. Due to the relatively short period of time in which the New Deal was implemented, the reforms were stopped by the ruling class when they first achieved results.

The fundamental reason is that the reforms promoted by Zhang Juzheng have violated the fundamental interests of the ruling class. The tax policy implemented by Zhang Juzheng is a whip law, and when collecting taxes, they are collected according to the head of each household, that is, they are apportioned into the mu. In this way, when Zhang Ju was alleviating the contradiction between the peasants and the land, the aristocracy lost many opportunities to make profits from it.

When Zhang Juzheng's reforms were being implemented, seeing that their interests were gradually deprived, they summoned the aristocracy to block Zhang Juzheng's new policy, and Zhang Juzheng's new policy died.

The direct reason is that the finances of the Ming Dynasty have been poor and weak for a long time. This was already the case during the Jiajing and Longqing periods, and Zhang Juzheng's reform required a long-term process. In addition to this, the Ming Dynasty had serious losses not only economically, but also in all aspects, both military and political.

In addition, the Ming court supported Zhang Juzheng's reform only Feng Bao and Empress Dowager Li, and in the imperial court, the voice of the conservatives overshadowed the reformers headed by Zhang Juzheng, and in the process of Zhang Juzheng's reform, many obstacles were encountered, resulting in great difficulty in the implementation of the new policy.

On the political front, Zhang Juzheng vigorously rectified the rule of officials and strengthened the power of the cabinet.

In terms of military affairs, Zhang Juzheng attaches great importance to border defense, and he believes that "today's affairs are not more important than border defense, and those who draw pictures of the day and night above the temples and halls should not be anxious about border defense."

The financial aspect is the focus of Zhang Juzheng's reform. In view of the situation of the powerful landlords defaulting on the land endowment, Zhang Juzheng first cleared up the "arrears" and stipulated that "since the Longqing Reform to the Yuan Dynasty, all the tenants shall be eliminated, and the three levies and seven levies shall be exempted before four years", and ordered the local officials to strictly recover the arrears within a time limit, and use this as the standard for evaluating officials.