This paper discusses the causes and countermeasures of climate warming and ozone layer depletion

Climate warming is the excessive emission of carbon dioxide, which far exceeds the photosynthesis needs of the value substances, causing the greenhouse effect. The destruction of the ozone layer was caused by the refrigerant used in refrigerators (the name was forgotten). Improvement, tree planting, research and development of new energy sources, the use of energy for the transformer, etc.

The main reason is that the halogenated hydrocarbons emitted by the refrigeration equipment in the current life, such as the chlorine atom in the cyanurine fluorochlorogen, which can decompose the ozone in the upper atmosphere into oxygen, and the chlorine atom plays the role of a catalyst and continues to do so, so it causes the ozone hole. Prevention and control measures:

Reduce the release of halogenated hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.

The destruction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere will lead to an increase in the incidence of cancer and cataract in human beings.

The ozone layer refers to the part of the stratosphere of the atmosphere with relatively high ozone concentration, and its main role is to absorb short-wave ultraviolet rays, and sunlight is composed of visible light, ultraviolet rays, and infrared rays. Ultraviolet rays are divided into long-wave, medium-wave, and short-wave ultraviolet rays, which can kill germs, but medium- and short-wave ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 200 315 nanometers are harmful to humans and organisms. Zhao Fengbei.

As it passes through the stratosphere, most of it is absorbed by the ozone layer. Therefore, the ozone layer has become a natural barrier to the earth, so that life on the earth is protected from strong ultraviolet rays, known as the "umbrella of life activities on the earth", the ozone layer is destroyed through the ultraviolet rays will harm humans and other organisms, such as human cancer and cataract and other diseases, most scientists believe that the excessive use of chlorofluorocarbon chemicals (expressed by CFCS) is the main reason for the destruction of the ozone layer.

The hazard of the hole in the atmospheric ozone layer

For every 1% increase in the ozone hole, the risk of developing ** cancer increases by 4-6%, and the number of blind people increases by 10,000; A 25% reduction in ozone layer thickness would reduce soybean yields by 20-25%.

If the ozone layer continues to be destroyed, it will also cause changes in stratospheric temperature, resulting in abnormal earth's climate, affecting plant growth and ecological balance, causing complex food chains and nets in the ecosystem to be set up and burned, and agricultural production will be damaged. In addition, the depletion of the ozone layer will cause the climate to deteriorate, and the natural environment for human survival and development will face catastrophic changes.

Oceans With the growth of human populations and the intensification of human activities, the pollution of coastal waters has increased, causing the death of 50% of the world's marine coral reefs; As a result of overfishing and marine pollution, world fisheries are declining across the board.

Freshwater Freshwater resources account for less than 1 of the world's total water bodies, and most of them are frozen in the water ice sheet of Antarctica and other places, and the real freshwater resources available to mankind are insufficientThere are 250 international rivers in the world, and the use of water resources in these rivers and the protection of rough water quality have become sensitive issues of concern to the international community.

Wetlands In the past, there was a lack of awareness of the importance of wetlands, such as the saying that "wetlands are wasted land" in the United States. In fact, wetlands are a treasure trove of biological species on earth, and nearly 70% of the world's living organisms are bred and survived in wetland environments. Protecting wetlands is not only a requirement for environmental protection, but also plays an important role in combating drought and flooding.

Biodiversity The world's biological diversity is rapidly declining, and many rare species are on the verge of extinction. The International Convention on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, signed at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1973, aims to stop the indiscriminate hunting of wildlife by controlling international events.

Energy Energy is our biggest environmental challenge. The fossil energy that human beings rely on now has not only caused global ecological disasters such as global warming, but also made this kind of social and economic operation itself unsustainable. Scientists**, by 2030, the world will run out of fossil fuels.

Therefore, changing the energy structure and finding new energy has become the primary environmental issue that all mankind must face.

In order to truly solve the problem, we must first face up to the existing problems. Solutions should be tailored to different regions and to different extents.

On the one hand, the destruction of ozone by chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere through catalytic chemical processes is the root cause of the Antarctic ozone hole.

Six major effects of ozone layer depletion on the planet.

1. Impact on human health.

2. Effects on terrestrial plants.

3. Impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

4. Effect on biochemical cycles.

5. Influence on materials.

6. Effects on tropospheric atmospheric composition and air quality (Science Times, August 2, 1999, 4th edition).

Global warming, on the other hand, is a speculation among today's scholars about possible future climate changes. The main basis for this is that the scope and extent of the impact of human activities on climate are expanding and becoming more severe. The rapid development of modern industry has brought a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the intensification of the "greenhouse effect" has warmed the air near the surface.

In addition to greenhouse gases, there are also the effects of artificial heat. At present, the artificial heat in large cities in the United States has generally reached 10%-15% of the net radiant heat absorbed by the surface. Europe's largest cities account for one-third of them. In some large cities, artificial heat has even exceeded the net radiant heat of the sun.

The world's artificial heat is increasing by about 5%-6% per year, and its long-term climate effects cannot be ignored. (Physical Geography Wu Guang and Fourth Edition p171).

So, to sum up, I personally also think that there is not much correlation between the two that you said.

The depletion of the ozone layer also exacerbates global warming. The reason is that after the ozone layer is depleted, a large amount of solar ultraviolet rays can reach the earth's surface, and the ground absorbs more solar radiation, transfers more heat to the atmosphere, and the temperature is higher.

David Parsons, the World Meteorological Organization's chief expert on global climate research, said in an interview in Geneva that "climate conditions will vary greatly from year to year due to climate change, stratospheric temperatures, water vapor levels, etc., "so the ozone layer may shrink."

"It's important to focus on the long-term trend that the hole in the ozone layer is closing," Parsons said. "Scientists believe that the expansion of the ozone layer owes much to an international agreement of 1 9 8 7 that requires countries to stop using chemicals such as freon and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which can enlarge the hole in the ozone layer.

Researchers are increasingly concerned about the interaction between rising surface temperatures and stratospheric ozone levels. Scientists are increasingly recognizing a possible link between the shrinking ozone layer and climate change.

While the increasing amount of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants and cars will increase the minimum temperature of the atmosphere (or troposphere), it will actually cause the stratospheric temperature to drop. A drop in stratospheric temperature accelerates the chemical reactions that destroy the ozone layer.

In turn, falling stratospheric temperatures affect meteorological conditions and climate. "These factors interact with each other," Parsons said. ”

There is no direct relationship between ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect, but there is an indirect relationship.

The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane.

When they are exposed to the sun, sunlight can penetrate and shine in, and at the same time they also absorb heat. When the sun can't reach it, they release heat and prevent the Earth's heat from escaping into space.

This leads to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth.

The ozone destruction is mainly due to the R12 refrigerant used in the past and now, and the damage is extremely serious, and most of the R22 refrigerants are used in the early stage, and the damage is relatively small (about 10% of the previous one) but it is still very serious overall. At present, only some high-end air conditioners and refrigerators use refrigerants that are non-ozone depleting such as R134.

In fact, the refrigerant R134 is more expensive than the former, and secondly, the requirements for the compressor will be relatively high, and the manufacturer is unwilling to invest, and now there are agreements everywhere in the world, which require that new units should use R134 and other environmentally friendly refrigerants, and many countries also have laws and regulations.

The destruction of ozone leads to an ozone hole at the poles (which is now present and expanding in the South Pole) that causes ultraviolet light to irradiate directly to the Earth, while increasing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation as the average ozone thickness decreases elsewhere.

In the end, ultraviolet radiation will cause the death of most lives, disrupt the cycle of biological chains, and thus destroy the ecology (now more and more people on the earth are suffering from cancer, which is actually caused by excessive ultraviolet radiation).