Is it possible to explain the difference between dry cold and wet cold from a meteorological and geo

A few days ago, the wind in the imperial capital cooled down, and it was really "a tight north wind overnight", freezing people's bones cracked. A friend asked me: Why do you feel so cold when it is windy, first of all, it must be clear that the wind itself does not lower the temperature.

For example, in the same temperature of 10, it is 10 if it is not windy, and it is still 10 when it is windy. However, the wind can make the body feel cooler. The temperature that our body usually feels is not the real atmospheric temperature, but the temperature of the thin layer of air around the body (hereinafter referred to as the "small air layer" - the author himself arbitrarily named it, not a professional definition, cut).

When the weather is cold, the temperature is lower than the body temperature, and at this time, the body is silently working hard to heat the small air layer for you, so the temperature of the small air layer is slightly higher than the air temperature and slightly lower than the body temperature. If a strong wind blows at this time, the small air layer that was easily heated by your body will be blown away, and it will be replaced by a "new" small air layer with a low temperature to cover you, and you will naturally feel cold. The wind keeps blowing, your little body keeps heating the small air layer, and the small air layer is constantly being blown away, and the new small air layer is constantly running to rub the heat - God pity, I seem to hear your body crying ...... in the windThe same goes for humidity.

Humidity also affects the perceived temperature – when it's cold, the higher the humidity, the colder it getsWhen it's hot, the higher the humidity, the hotter it gets. The most typical example is the imperial capital and the magic capital: in the summer with the same temperature, the magic capital feels more sultry;And in the winter at the same temperature, the magic capital feels even more cold and biting.

This is where humidity exerts its power on the perceived temperature. The principle is not difficult to understand: in summer, the evaporation of sweat on the surface can take away some of the heat, but if in a humid environment, the sweat evaporation is slower, the heat dissipation is slow, and you will feel hotter.

In winter, you rely on the thermal insulation effect of your clothes to keep you warm, and water conducts heat better than dry air, which means that wet clothes conduct heat better than dry clothes, which makes it easier to lose heat from your body, and you feel colder. <>

Because the influence of wind speed and humidity on the perceived temperature is not a simple linear relationship that can be determined by a single coefficient, but will vary greatly depending on the season and region. In addition, taking into account solar radiation, the comprehensive calculation of sunshine hours, cloud cover, etc., is also very complicated. In addition, the daily maximum and low temperature also have an effect on the perceived temperature.

For example, in a city A, the temperature difference between day and night is very large, the day is very warm, and the temperature plummets at night; In the other city, the temperature difference between day and night is very small, and it is not warm during the day, and it is not particularly cold at night. At this time, the average daily temperature of the two cities is likely to be the same, but the perceived temperature of the residents of the two cities is definitely different - everyone is usually active during the day, and the memory of the daytime temperature will be deeper, and at night anyway, go home to drill the bed, and the night temperature will not be known at all, so the perceived temperature in city A will be higher. <>

Latitude is not the only (although it is an important criterion) that determines temperature, but also factors such as terrain (such as plateau basins), differences between land and sea, and urban and mountainous areas can all affect temperatures. Humidity is not the only criterion that determines the perceived temperature. Humidity and air temperature are both objective and quantified.

What does it mean that you use subjective feelings such as "the humidity is not low" or "I still feel colder", which does not mean that the temperature in Scotland is low, nor that the temperature in Scotland is low, nor that the humidity in Scotland and Zhuhai is comparable. In fact, this sentence only proves that at a certain time, I feel that Zhuhai is colder - this does not even mention the perceived temperature, because we usually default to the perceived temperature of human beings, rather than the individual experience of a certain person. <>

Is cold air the same as a cold wave? Some people think that cold air is a cold wave, and a cold wave is cold air, and there is no difference between the two, but there is a fundamental difference between the two.

Strictly speaking, the cold wave is actually included in the concept of cold air, so it is still a little different, simply put, not all cold air is in line with the call cold wave, but the cold wave is also a cold air way. Cold air: Cold air and warm air are defined by the difference in the horizontal direction of air temperature, that is, the air located in the low temperature zone is called cold air.

The cold wave is a large-scale climate, that is, the cold air from the north invades the south on a large scale, which will cause a wide range of sharp cooling, strong winds, rain and snow along the way, which generally occurs in late autumn, winter and early spring.

Cold air is a relatively broad concept, and the mass of air that can cause the temperature to drop in the place it passes through is actually cold air. Of course, some all-round cold air will bring strong wind, rain and snow in addition to cooling, according to the current norms, cold air is divided into five levels: weak cold air, moderate intensity cold air, strong cold air, strong cold air and cold wave.

The cold wave is a fighter in the cold air Compared with the other four levels of cold air, the cooling brought by the cold wave is more drastic, the climate is harsh, and the impact is more terrifying.

Since the basic temperature in many cities is not too low in November, if there is a particularly strong cold air south, the temperature will have a large room to drop, and it is especially easy to reach the cold wave standard. On the contrary, in the cold winter, the temperature is already very cold, and no matter how cold air is, the temperature will not drop drastically. March is basically the same reason, that is, the temperature has a lot of room to fall, at this time the temperature begins to rise, but the cold air is still very strong, so there will also be a cold wave.

Generally, when the cold air reaches the cold wave and goes south, it will affect many areas, not only strong cooling, but also strong wind, rain, snow and other bad weather, about our travel, health, agriculture, fishery, etc., the climate station will generally issue a cold wave warning in advance.

No. Cold air is just a normal phenomenon, and cold waves can bring a lot of harm, and the nature of the two phenomena is different.

No. Cold air is mobile, and a cold wave is a very dangerous weather condition that can affect the lives of normal people.

No, there are obvious differences between the two, different definitions, different scopes, different causes, and different final effects.

In Northeast China, the three eastern provinces (today's Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, and Liaoning Province) in the history include Liaojihei and the cities of the East Five Leagues of Inner Mongolia (Hulunbuir City, Tongliao City, Chifeng City, Xing'an League, and Xilin Gol League) and Chengde City and Qinhuangdao City in the Northeast Cultural Zone.

Northeast China spans the middle temperate zone and the cold temperate zone from south to north, and belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, warm and rainy summer, cold and dry winter. From southeast to northwest, the annual precipitation drops from 1000 mm to less than 300 mm, and the transition from humid and semi-humid to semi-arid areas. It cannot simply be said to be cold wet or cold dry.

Precipitation and boundaries between wet and dry zones

The boundary between humid and semi-humid areas (800 mm isoprecipitation line): roughly along the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, eastward through the Qinling-Huaihe River.

The boundary between semi-humid and semi-arid areas (400 mm isoprecipitation line): southwest from the Great Khing'an Mountains, through Zhangjiakou, Lanzhou, Lhasa, to the southern slope of the Himalayas.

The boundary between semi-arid and arid areas (200 mm isoprecipitation line): Yinshan, Helan Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Bayankala Mountain, Gangdis Mountain.

Cold and warm are two relative concepts, "wet" is involved in it, not so much they are geographical concepts, but the human body feels in life: 15-25 degrees Celsius The human body feels the most comfortable, we call it "warm" (15-20 degrees is called mild), if you exercise a little, you will sweat, it feels hot, this heat is the heat of the human body, plus the evaporation of your own sweat forms a high humidity around the human body (sweating is not easy to stop and is manifested as "damp heat"), when a person in the geographical environment often manifests itself as " When there is a feeling of "sweat and hard to dry", we call it "damp heat", and in the same place, when we feel that it is not hot, **or when the clothes are often wet, it is "cold and wet".

The geographical terms of "cold and wet" and "warm and wet" are relative to the climate (weather) changes between regions and seasons. There are two scenarios:

First, in the same place, there are different feelings due to different weather conditions or weather trends: in spring and autumn, the precipitation weather generated by the cold front cloud system often gives people the feeling of "cold and wet", and the rainy day produced by the warm front cloud system gives people the feeling of "warm and wet";

Second, in different places in the east, west, north and south, the humidity of the air is not the same (the coastal wet inland is dry, the rainy and forested areas are wet, and the rainless forest areas are dry), so under the action of cold air, the coastal areas are mostly "cold and wet", and the inland areas are "dry and cold", and the same under the action of warm air, it can be manifested as "warm and wet" and "dry and hot" in low latitudes, and "cold and wet" or "warm and wet" in middle and high latitudes.

The differences and connections between cold humidity and warm humidity are as follows:

Cold and warm can be understood as perceived temperature; Wet describes the amount of water vapor in the air, which is 100% when saturated. When the content of water vapor in the air is larger, because the water vapor is stronger than the ability to conduct heat than dry air, so whether it is cold and wet or warm and humid, it has a greater impact on the body temperature, the climate characteristics of winter in southern China are wet and cold, the temperature is not too low, but due to the high humidity, it directly leads to the drop of human body temperature, and it feels very cold. The north is drier, and although it is cold, it is only that the air is colder and has little effect on body temperature.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basically have the characteristics of warm and humid in summer, and it feels very stuffy and easy to sweat and produce oil.

Of course, it is also possible to take it purely literally, cold and wet is cold, and the humidity is high, for example, in winter, in the northeast of China. Warm and humid means warm and humid, such as in the Pearl River Delta region in late spring.

The temperature is cold and rainy, cold and wet.

Temperatures are high and rainfall is abundant, warm and humid.