Where to find the questions for the history exam in the first year of high school, you must memorize

The knowledge points that must be memorized in the history exam in the first year of high school are as follows:

1. Background of opening up new routes:

1) Necessity (causes) :(1) Economic roots: the development of the commodity economy in Western Europe and the germination of capitalism (root causes) (2) Social roots:

The "gold rush" of the Europeans (the motivation to open new shipping routes) (3) Religious roots: the spread of Catholicism (4) The commercial crisis: the Ottoman Turks occupied traditional trade routes (the direct cause).

ii) Possibilities (conditions): the development of the productive forces of Western Europe, the improvement of seafaring skills, the development of shipbuilding technology, the improvement of geographical knowledge, the support of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns.

For a long time before the middle of the century, it was the Italians and Arabs who monopolized the traditional trade routes.

3. The first countries to explore new shipping routes were: Portugal and Spain.

4. The first navigator to open up a new shipping route was: In 1487, the Portuguese Diaz, with the support of the Portuguese royal family, opened a shipping route from the African coast from the leased old Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, and discovered the Cape of Good Hope.

5. The navigator who went directly to India was: the Portuguese da Gama. <>

6. The navigator who crossed the Atlantic to discover the American continent was Christopher Columbus, who sailed with the support of the Spanish crown.

In 1522, Magellan's fleet sailed around the world from Spain to South America, bypassing the Strait at the southern tip of the Americas, crossing the Pacific and Indian Oceans, rounding Africa, and returning to Europe.

Representatives of the bold faction: Su Shi Xin abandoned the diseaseWanyue representative: Li Qingzhao. The historical background of the production of Song Ci: In the Tang Dynasty, the ** of various ethnic groups introduced from the Western Regions gradually merged with the old music of the Central Plains, and Yan music was mainly produced by Hu music. It turned out to be neat.

Five, seven-character poems are no longer adaptable, so the words are unequal, and the form is more slowly guessed as lively words. Influence and position in the history of literature: Song Ci is a dazzling diamond in the crown of ancient Chinese literature, and in the Lang Garden of ancient literature, she is a fragrant and gorgeous garden.

She competes with Tang poetry and Yuan Qu with Tang poetry, and has always been known as a double masterpiece with Tang poetry, all representing the victory of a generation of literature. Far from the "Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and the poems of the Han and Wei dynasties, and for the later Ming and Qing dynasties, it delivered organic ingredients. To this day, she is still cultivating people's sentiments and bringing us high artistic enjoyment.

"Extravagant faction" and "graceful faction" in Song Ci:

Tactful, that is, tactful and subtle. The etymology returns to the original and sings for the music, entertaining the guests, and the content is nothing more than sorrow and farewell, and the girlfriend is resentful. The five dynasties of the disturbance type have formed a fragrant and soft style of words represented by "Flower Collection" and Li Yuci.

The Northern Song Dynasty lyricists inherited the rest of the threads, such as Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao, etc., although they developed in content, the pen was more exquisite, and each had its own charm, becoming a family of its own, but it still did not get rid of the soft and beautiful style. Therefore, the Ming people used the graceful school to summarize this type of style of words. It is mainly characterized by the content focusing on children's customs, the structure is deep and meticulous, the rhythm is tactful and harmonious, the language is mellow and beautiful, and there is a soft and graceful beauty.

However, the content is relatively narrow, and people have formed the concept of being polite and positive. The euphemistic style of words dominated the world of words for a long time, until the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying, Zhang Yan and a large number of lyricists were affected.

Westernists: After an Opium War to the Sino-Japanese War.

Early stage: self-improvement, later stage: seeking wealth.

Representatives: Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Zeng Guofan

Restoration: nineteenth nineties.

Reform of the law, salvation and survival, development of national capitalism, constitutional monarchy representatives: early stage: Zheng Guanying, Wang Tao. Later period: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu (bourgeois reformists).

The first ideological enlightenment movement in modern China was launched.

Both were intended to maintain feudal rule.

Hey, it's all in the exam book, just get that book done.

The Westernization faction, the faction produced by the self-help movement of the Qing Dynasty to save the country and survive during the period of the Westernization Movement after the Second Opium War (beginning in the 60s of the 19th century and ending in the late 80s of the 19th century). The reform faction, after the First Sino-Japanese War, Kang Youwei and others initiated the faction in the Wuxu Reform. (Bourgeois reform) (103 days from June 11 to September 21, 1898 A.D.) ）