The detailed distribution of the Eight Banners system in ancient China

It is divided into two kinds, yellow, white, blue and red, yellow flag, inlaid yellow flag, positive white flag for the upper three flags, and the rest for the lower five flags.

The form of social organization of the Manchus in the Qing Dynasty of China. The Jurchens, the ancestors of the Manchus, took hunting as their profession, and every year in the harvesting season, they took the clan or village as the unit, and the famous person was the leader.

In the war to unify the Jurchen tribes, with the continuous expansion of power and the increasing population, Nurhachi established four flags of yellow, white, red and blue in the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), which were called yellow, white, red and blue, and the flags were all pure colors. In the forty-third year of Wanli, in order to meet the needs of the development of the Manchu society, Nurhachi created the Eight Banners system on the basis of the original cattle recording, that is, in addition to the original four flags, the four flags inlaid with yellow, white, red and blue were added. In addition to the four positive color flags, the yellow, white, and blue flags are all inlaid with red, and the red is inlaid with white.

Organize all the people under the jurisdiction of Houjin in the flag. Its system stipulates: every 300 people are 1 cattle record, and the cattle record is really 1 person; 5 Ox Lu is 1 Jiala, and 1 Jiala is really 1 person; 5 Jiala is 1 solid mountain, and 1 solid mountain is set up.

The Eight Banners compiled at this time were later known as the Eight Banners of Manchuria. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of the Han Army were established, and the flag system was the same as that of the Eight Banners of Manchuria. The Eight Banners were controlled by the Emperor, the Kings, and Baylor, and the flag system remained unchanged.

When the Eight Banners were first established, the soldiers and the people were united, and the soldiers of the Eight Banners were engaged in production and labor in peacetime, and they were recruited in wartime, and they provided their own ordnance, grain and grass. After entering the customs, the Eight Banners Standing Soldier System and the Soldier Pay System were established, and the Eight Banners soldiers became professional soldiers. After the Qing Dynasty settled the capital of Beijing, most of the Eight Banners were stationed near Beijing, and the Eight Banners of the Beijing Division were stationed according to their positions, called the Eight Banners stationed in Beijing, commonly known as the Beijing Banner, which was actually the forbidden army.

In addition, a part of the flag soldiers were stationed in important cities and important military places across the country, which was called the garrison of the Eight Banners. Because of the privileges they enjoyed, the children of the Eight Banners gradually degenerated and became corrupt and vulnerable.

The Eight Banners system existed for 296 years from its formal establishment to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.

The Eight Banners system was created according to the Jurchen Niulu system, which originated from the hunting organization of the Manchurian (Jurchen) people, and was the form of military organization of the social life of the Qing Dynasty banner people, as well as the fundamental system of the Qing Dynasty, which made the Qing Dynasty eventually go to the road of decline and decline.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in order to strengthen the military defense, the Eight Banners were stationed in Beijing and various places, until the middle of the 18th century, the Eight Banners Camp finally systematically and Song distributed in the country's military important places, the implementation of permanent stationing. The preferential policies have caused the decadence and parasitic blockage of the banner people, resulting in the abandonment of their descendants, and even the problem of "livelihood".

Each of the Eight Banners has three commanders, one for Manchuria, one for the Han Army, and one for Mongolia; Each Manchurian capital had five chiefs under its jurisdiction, each Han army had five commanders, and each Mongol had two commanders.

The Eight Banners system was the form of social organization of the Manchus in Qing China.

The Jurchens made a career out of hunting. Nurhachi won victories in the war to unify the Jurchen tribes. With the expansion of power and the increase of population, he established four flags of yellow, white, red and blue ridge cherry in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, which were called yellow, white, red and blue, and the flags were all pure colors.

In the 43rd year, in order to meet the needs of the development of the Manchu society, Nurhachi created the Eight Banners system on the basis of the original cattle recording, that is, in addition to the original four flags, the four flags inlaid with yellow, white, red and blue were added. Organize all the people under the jurisdiction of Houjin in the flag.

The Manchurians used this system of military organization to establish the Qing Dynasty. In normal times, people engage in activities such as farming, hunting, etc.; In wartime, they were conscripted into the army, which originated from the Jurchen hunting organization Niu Yan. Family members with flag registration are called flag people.

By the end of the 19th century, with the Qing Dynasty's hunger-relieving body, the Eight Banners military organization system ceased to exist. But some of the descendants of the Eight Banners still call themselves banner people.

The military organization system of the Eight Banners was formulated by the Manchu leader Nurhachi. At first, Nurhachi divided his army into four flags, which were identified by flags of different colors, known as the "positive yellow flag" and so on. As the army grew, the four flags were added to the border to become the "inlaid yellow flag" and so on, forming the eight flags.

Relying on this military organization system, the Manchus established the Qing State in 1636.