Methods of cost accounting, methods of financial cost accounting

Top 10 Easy Methods for Accounting Costing.

1. No longer set up two accounts of basic production cost and auxiliary production cost separately, merge them into one production cost account, and do not set up detailed accounts according to products, but directly set up several secondary detailed accounts such as raw materials, wages and welfare expenses, electricity (fuel power), and manufacturing expenses to collect major expenses.

2. Because the workshop division of small and medium-sized hardware enterprises is not obvious or obvious but the transmission procedures are not perfect, the manufacturing cost account is not set up according to the workshop, and several secondary detailed accounts such as machine materials, repair costs, and depreciation are directly set up to collect the workshop costs. At the same time, because the managers of small and medium-sized hardware enterprises participate in production management, there is no need to set up manufacturing costs for this kind of production-related travel and office expenses that are not too much and will not be too large for the management personnel to participate in. Travel expenses or something in the second category of subjects.

Instead, it is charged directly to the management costs. At the end of the month, manufacturing expenses are not allocated first, but are transferred to the production cost account and distributed uniformly.

3. Scope of raw materials. On the premise of satisfying the needs, only a few kinds of products with a large proportion are used as raw materials, which can not only reduce the workload, but also play a role in tax avoidance because non-main raw materials enter the cost in advance.

4. For the raw materials that have been received at the end of the month, the workshop will be treated as appropriate: if the value is low, it can be included in the current month; If the value is higher, it will be counted in the next month (false return).

5. The loss of waste products is only dealt with in management, and cost accounting is not done separately.

6. If it is very necessary in management or production technology, set up self-made semi-finished products, otherwise it will not be set.

7. It is not set in the product account. The month-end balance of the production cost account is its cost.

8. There is no low-value consumable account, which is directly recorded in the detailed account of manufacturing costs--- machine materials or repair costs, and the equipment is audited for management needs; If necessary, the one-time amortization method is also adopted, and the distribution is made at the same time as the accounting.

9. Regarding depreciation, it is recommended to calculate it according to the number of years stipulated in the tax law, which can save the hardship of tax adjustment. If there is no clear provision in the tax law, refer to the provisions of the financial system.

10. For inventories that account for a small proportion of the product composition and a large number, it is recommended to use the physical inventory system to calculate the actual monthly consumption.

Cost accounting method: 1. Variety method. 2. Batch method.

3. Step-by-step carryover. 4. Parallel carryover step-by-step method. 5. Activity costing method.

6. Taxonomy. In addition, there are auxiliary methods, 1. Standard cost method. 2. Quota method.

3. Responsibility cost accounting. 4. Calculation of the cost of co-products, by-products and grade products. For enterprises, to calculate the cost of the main products of the enterprise, it is necessary to choose the most appropriate cost calculation method according to the production characteristics and production organization mode, but this cost calculation method may not be able to meet all the needs of the enterprise's cost calculation and cost management.

According to the scale and level of the enterprise, the cost calculation procedures and methods should be arranged scientifically and reasonably to achieve the best cost calculation and the best cost control.

The basic method of cost calculation 1, variety method: a method of setting up a basic production cost ledger with finished product varieties as the cost accounting object, collecting production expenses and calculating product costs, is mainly suitable for a large number of enterprises that produce a large number of single-step production or do not need to divide production steps, such as power generation, tap water, food, plastic products, etc.; 2. Batch method: at this time, the distribution of production expenses among cost accounting objects and the collection procedures and methods of expenses are the same as those mentioned above, and the costs of each batch of products are distributed between the finished products and the products; 3. Step-by-step method (step-by-step carry-over method, parallel carry-over step-by-step method) cost accounting method.

Cost accounting methods include: variety method, a cost calculation method that takes product varieties as the cost calculation object. The batch method is a costing method that uses the product batch as the cost calculation object.

Step-by-step method, a method of calculating costs based on the production stage and "step" of the product as the cost calculation object. Taxonomy, a method of using "product class" as the object of cost calculation, collecting expenses, and calculating costs. The ABC cost method is a method of collecting and allocating indirect expenses such as manufacturing expenses instead of the traditional (workshop as the cost collection and allocation object), but with "operation" as the cost collection and allocation, which can allocate indirect costs more reasonably and make the cost calculation more reasonable.

Since it is only one method of allocating overheads, it is actually used in conjunction with other basic accounting methods.

The financial costing method is as follows:

1. Variety method. A costing method that uses product varieties as the cost calculation object.

The key points of the application of the variety method in practical work are: to open a production cost sub-account and a cost calculation sheet with "variety" as the object; The costing period is generally "accounting period"; Collect and allocate costs by "variety"; Cost analysis is carried out with "variety" as the main object.

2. Divide the loss and approval method. A costing method that uses product batches as the costing object.

The key points of the application of the variety method in practical work are: to open production cost ledgers and cost calculation sheets with "batch number" and "batch" as the cost calculation objects. The costing period is generally "duration", and there is generally no production cost allocated between the finished product and the product.

If the production cost is distributed among the finished products, the quota method is used for distribution among the products.

3. Step-by-step method. A method of calculating costs based on the production stage and "steps" of a product.

Compared with other methods, the step-by-step method is very different in terms of specific calculation methods, which is mainly due to the calculation of the cost of the number of eggplants according to the production and processing stages and steps.

4. Taxonomy. A method of using "product class" as the cost calculation object, collecting expenses, and calculating costs.

The main points of the taxonomy cost accounting method can be summarized as follows: take the "product category" as the first object of cost calculation, and open a cost calculation sheet; The cost calculation method for "product category" is the same as that for "variety"; After the cost of the "class product" is calculated, it is redistributed to the specific variety according to the following method to calculate the cost of the variety; A product is selected as a "standard product" in the class; Define conversion systems for other products to standard products; According to the proportion of the conversion system, the cost of "similar products" is decomposed and calculated into the cost of specific products.

There are six main accounting methods of cost accounting, namely the variety method, the batch method, the step-by-step carry-forward method, the parallel carry-forward step-by-step method, the activity cost method and the classification method. In addition, there are four auxiliary methods, namely the standard costing method, the fixed rate method, the liability costing, and the calculation of the cost of co-products, by-products, and grades. Once established, the accounting policies and accounting estimates used in the product costing of enterprises cannot be changed at will.

In cost accounting, different accounting practices must be treated consistently so that the cost data before and after each project are comparable with each other.

What are the key points of cost accounting?

There are three main points in cost accounting, first of all, to determine the purpose of cost accounting, and then to determine the object of cost accounting, because the object is different, the accounting method used is also different, and finally to determine the content of cost accounting, the cost accounting content generally has two parts, namely the cost collection and distribution and product cost calculation.

What are the steps of the cost accounting procedure?

The steps of the cost accounting procedure are as follows:

1. Review the production expenses.

2. Determine the cost calculation object and cost item, and open a detailed account of product cost.

3. Allocate the cost of the elements.

4. Allocate comprehensive expenses.

5. Divide the cost of finished products and the cost of products in progress.

6. Calculate the total cost and unit cost of the product.

The basis of the law of the law of the bridge of the law:

Article 5 of the Basic Guidelines for Cost Accounting of Public Institutions shall meet the specific cost information needs of internal management and external management when conducting cost accounting. The cost information requirements of the unit include, but are not limited to, the following:

1) Cost control. In order to meet this demand, the unit should completely and accurately calculate the cost of a specific cost accounting object, reveal the cost occurrence and formation process, so as to exert influence or control on the various factors and conditions that affect the cost, and control the actual cost within the expected target.

2) Pricing of public services or products. In order to meet this demand, the unit should accurately calculate the cost of public services or products, so as to provide a basis and reference for the pricing agency and relevant units to formulate relevant standards or charging standards.

3) Pre-performance blind evaluation. In order to meet this need, the unit should set cost-related performance indicators and accurately account for them in order to measure the operational efficiency of the unit as a whole and internal organizational departments, the effectiveness of core business implementation, and the effectiveness of policies and the use of project funds.

The cost accounting methods are:1Moving Weighted Average Mage 2The whole month average method is 3FIFO 4LIFO and so on.

Moving Modular Weighted Average Method: The cost of goods in inventory under the moving weighted average method** is automatically weighted average according to each income document; It is calculated by calculating the moving weighted average unit price based on the quantity and amount of each revenue and the amount before each income. It is calculated as follows:

The weighted average unit price of the state is slow moving = (the amount of goods in the balance before this income + the amount of goods in this income) (the number of goods in the balance before this income + the number of goods in this income).

Whole month average method: It is based on the opening quantity of this month and all the purchased quantity of this month, and takes out all the purchase costs of this month plus the purchase cost at the beginning of the period to calculate the average unit cost of inventory this month, and uses this as the basis to calculate the cost of the issued inventory of this month and the actual cost of inventory at the end of the month.

First-in-first-out method: the latest issuance (requisition) of the material is based on the time of each batch of the material (or this type of material) to determine the valuation basis of its inventory issuance, and the more first in the warehouse, the first to issue. In the FIFO method, the cost of inventory at the end of the period is close to the current market value.

LIFO method: The opposite of FIFO. In the period of sustained prices, the current cost will increase and the profit will decrease, which can reduce the adverse impact of inflation on the enterprise, which is also one of the ways to implement the principle of prudence in accounting practice.