What are the three basic forms of thinking?

The three basic forms of thinking are:Figurative thinking, abstract thinking, inspired thinking.

Figurative thinking is a thought process that relies on specific images, also known as intuitive thinking. Because artists and writers use figurative thinking more often in their creative activities, it is also called artistic thinking. There are three characteristics:

1. Based on specific images: Image thinking is based on the specific images of things.

2. Use imagination: Image thinking must obtain materials from the objective world and use imagination.

3. Similarity: Figurative thinking is not as direct as induction and deduction in abstract thinking, and its process may be more complex.

Abstract thinking is the process of thinking using concepts, judgments, reasoning, etc. to reflect reality, also known as logical thinking.

There are two characteristics:

1. Abstraction: Abstract thinking sets aside the concrete image of things and extracts their essence, so it has the characteristics of abstraction.

2. The process of logical abstract thinking is a rational and scientific process of extracting the essence of things, so it is logical.

Inspired thinking is a special form of thinking that occurs suddenly and quickly without realizing it.

Also known as epiphany thinking or intuitive thinking.

There are two characteristics:

1. Suddenness: Inspired thinking always happens suddenly, without premonition or omen.

2. With the subconscious.

Closely related: Inspiration is preceded by a gestation process, which is often conceived with painstaking mental work. Some scholars have suggested that the conception of inspiration is not within the scope of consciousness, but the stage that precedes consciousness and can be called the subconscious.

The basic forms of thinking:

1. Perceptual figurative thinking: the concreteness directly felt by the senses when directly in contact with external things.

2. Abstract logical thinking: thinking in the form of abstract concepts. It relies primarily on concepts, judgments, and reasoning for thinking, and is the most basic and widely used way of thinking for human beings.

People who are all right have the ability to think logically.

But there must be a difference between the superior and the inferior.

3. Rational and concrete thinking: on the basis of perceptual concreteness, through the analysis and synthesis of thinking, we can grasp the multi-faceted attributes or essence of things. The method of rising from abstraction to concrete is the process of reaching the concrete through a series of intermediaries from the logical starting point of abstraction.

Characteristics of thinking

1. Generalization. Generalization refers to the fact that on the basis of a large number of perceptual materials, people extract the common characteristics and laws of a class of things and generalize them. Generalization plays an important role in people's thinking activities, which allows people to think abstractly away from concrete things.

And make the thinking activities transfer under certain conditions.

2. Indirectness. Indirectness refers to the indirect reflection of objective things by people with the help of certain media and knowledge experience. It is the indirectness of thinking that enables people to go beyond the information provided by perception to understand various things and characteristics that do not or cannot directly act on people, so as to reveal the essence and laws of things and foresee the development of things.

According to the physical dimension of thinking, thinking can be divided into action thinking, image thinking and abstract thinking.

1) Action thinking.

Action thinking is thinking that is mixed with actual actions.

2) Image thinking.

Figurative thinking is the use of existing appearances to carry out thinking activities.

3) Abstract thinking.

Abstract thinking, also known as logical thinking, is the activity of thinking using concepts.

Concept is a form of thinking that reflects the essential attributes of things, so abstract thinking is the core form of human thinking. It is further divided into formal logical thinking and dialectical logical thinking. Concepts in formal logic are non-contradictory and have the characteristics of certainty, absoluteness, static, and singularity, while concepts in dialectical logic are contradictory, changeable, relative, moving, and diverse.

Dialectical logical thinking is formed on the basis of the development of formal logical thinking, is an advanced stage of abstract thinking, and is a reflection of the movement in the oppositions that prevail everywhere in nature.

2.By exploring the direction of the answer to the question, the thinking can be divided into convergent thinking and divergent thinking.

1) Convergent thinking.

Convergent thinking, also known as convergent thinking and convergent thinking, is the thinking that aggregates all kinds of information provided by a question to arrive at a correct or best answer.

2) Divergent thinking.

Divergent thinking, also known as divergent thinking and radiating thinking, is the thinking that starts from a goal and seeks various answers along various paths.

3.According to the creative dimension of thinking, thinking can be divided into regenerative thinking and creative thinking.

1) Reconstructive thinking.

Reconstructive thinking, also known as conventional thinking, refers to the thinking in which people use the knowledge and experience they have gained to solve problems in the usual way.

2) Creative thinking.

Creative thinking refers to thinking that solves problems in a new and original way.

4.According to the purpose dimension of thinking, thinking can be divided into ascending thinking, solving thinking and decision-making thinking.

1) Ascending thinking.

Ascending thinking is the thinking that has general characteristics and universal regularity through analyzing, synthesizing, comparing, inducting, and generalizing from the experience of individual things.

2) Solution-oriented thinking.

Solution-oriented thinking is the thinking that seeks to solve a specific problem.

3) Decision-making thinking.

Decision-making thinking is the thinking that estimates the likelihood of future events and selects the most ideal solution.

There are several ways of thinking:

1. Innovative thinking. Innovative thinking begins with the idea of innovation, always have the desire to innovate, and constantly try to innovate in work and life.

2) Divergent thinking. Divergent thinking requires people's thinking to be spread in all directions, unrestrained, open to the sky, and even whimsical.

3. Convergent thinking. It is the opposite of the characteristics of diffusion thinking, which is characterized by centering on a certain object of thinking, using existing experience and knowledge as much as possible, reorganizing various information, and concentrating thinking on this central point from different aspects and angles.

4. Addition and subtraction thinking. Through the clear arrangement and combination of things that are clear and positive and late, and the division and combination, innovative thinking methods are generated.

5. Reverse thinking. One of the charms of reverse thinking is that you can use something or something in a negative way.

6. Plane thinking. Thinking about two or more juxtaposed things together, so as to combine the characteristics of the two to make it a new thing.

7. Longitudinal thinking. Thinking that thinks about the object of thought from the direction of vertical development and according to its various stages of development, so as to conceive and deduce the further development trend.

8. Lateral thinking. When thinking about a problem, think about and solve the problem not from a positive perspective, but through the unexpected side.

9. Systems thinking. A system is a combination of interacting and interrelated components, and it is an organic whole with specific functions. The core of systems thinking is to use the existing creations of predecessors to synthesize, and if this synthesis has an unprecedented novel effect, it will of course stimulate new creations.

Systems thinking is a practice of "seeing the whole". It is a frame of mind that allows us to see interrelated non-singular things.

10. Analogical thinking. Analogical thinking is the method of thinking that two objects are identical or similar in a series of attributes, one of which has some other property, and the other object also has this other property.

Figurative thinking, abstract thinking, and inspired thinking are the three basic forms of thinking.

The breadth of thinking is the breadth of thinking, which reflects the quality of thinking from the perspective of "quantity" or "horizontal", that is, the thinking is broad, good at grasping the connection between all aspects of things, and thinking and analyzing problems comprehensively and meticulously. For example, "all-encompassing" is a manifestation of the breadth of thinking.

2) Depth of thinking.

The depth of thinking is the profundity of thinking, which reflects the quality of thinking from the perspective of "vertical", which refers to being good at grasping the essence of the problem through superficial phenomena when thinking about the problem, so as to achieve a deep understanding of things. For example, "digging out the essence", "looking for internal laws", "looking at the essence through the phenomenon", "digging into the roots", "hitting the nail on the head" and so on are all manifestations of profound thinking.

3) Independence of thinking.

Independence of thought refers to being good at thinking, discovering and solving problems independently in the thinking process, rather than following the crowd. For example, when you are planning for the future, your family and friends are against it, and they all give you all kinds of interference, at this time you still know what you are pursuing, and you are not influenced by others, that is, independence of thinking.

4) Critical thinking.

Critical thinking refers to the quality of thinking that thinks according to objective criteria and solves problems. People who think critically have a clear concept of right and wrong, and are good at examining and evaluating their own and others' thinking activities and results according to objective indicators and practical views. The criticality of thinking is much like independence but not quite.

Independence focuses on not being influenced by others, while critical focuses on not being distracted by one's own subjectivity (e.g., emotions, etc.).

5) Flexibility of thinking.

The flexibility of thinking reflects the degree of improvisation of thinking, which refers to being good at considering problems and coping with changes according to specific situations. For example, the educational tact we learned in pedagogy is that teachers can adapt to emergencies and deal with them flexibly, which is a manifestation of flexibility in thinking.

(1) The process of thinking.

The process of thinking includes analysis and synthesis, comparison and classification, abstraction and generalization, systematization and concretization, among which analysis and synthesis are the basic processes of thinking, and other processes are derived from this.

Analysis and synthesis.

Analysis refers to the mental breakdown of a thing or object into parts or attributes. For example, break down a tree into roots, stems, leaves, flowers, etc.

Synthesis is the union of individual parts or attributes of a thing or object in the human brain. For example, the idea is to link a person's past and present experiences into a short play.

Compare & Classify.

Comparison refers to the thought process of comparing various things or phenomena in the human brain to determine the similarities, differences, and relationships between them.

Classification is the thought process of dividing things into different kinds according to their similarities and differences.

Abstraction and generalization.

Abstraction is the process of refining the common, essential features of various objects or imaginaries in the human brain, discarding their individual, non-essential features.

Generalization is the process by which the human brain abstracts and synthesizes the common and essential characteristics of things.

Systematization and concretization.

Systematization refers to the thinking process in which the human brain classifies things with the same essential characteristics into a certain category system.

Concretization refers to the process by which the human brain generalizes the general characteristics and laws after abstract generalization to the same kind of concrete things.

b) The basic form of thinking.

1) Concept. Concepts are the forms of thinking in which the human brain reflects the common, essential characteristics of objective things.

Concepts can be categorized from different perspectives:

According to the degree of abstraction and generalization of the attributes contained in the concept, it can be divided into concrete concepts and abstract concepts.

According to the number of properties of things reflected by concepts and their interrelationships, they can be divided into the concept of combination, the concept of disjunction and the concept of relationship.

According to the path of concept formation, it can be divided into pre-scientific concepts and scientific concepts.

Concept formation generally goes through three stages:

Abstraction. Concept formation is first of all to understand the properties or characteristics of objective things, therefore, it is necessary to abstract the various characteristics and attributes of concrete things.

Classifying. In the formation of concepts, in addition to extracting common attributes or characteristics from specific things, it is also necessary to classify similar attributes or characteristics.

Discern. Discerning objective things is an important step in the formation of concepts.