How many types of rechargeable batteries can be divided into electrode materials and electrolyte pro

There are different ways to classify batteries, and their classification methods can be broadly divided into three main categories.

The first category: according to the type of electrolyte, including: alkaline batteries, batteries whose electrolyte is mainly potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, such as:

Alkaline zinc-manganese battery (commonly known as alkaline manganese battery or alkaline battery), nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, etc.; Acid batteries, mainly with sulfuric acid aqueous solution as the medium, such as lead-acid batteries; Neutral batteries, using salt solution as the medium, such as zinc-manganese dry batteries (some consumers also call them acid batteries), seawater-activated batteries, etc.; Organic electrolyte batteries, mainly with organic solution as the medium, such as lithium batteries, lithium-ion batteries.

The second category: according to the nature of work and storage methods, it is divided into: primary batteries, also known as primary batteries, that is, batteries that can not be recharged, such as zinc-manganese dry batteries, lithium primary batteries, etc.; Secondary batteries, that is, rechargeable batteries, such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, etc.; The battery is customarily referred to as a lead-acid battery, which is also a secondary battery; Fuel cell, that is, the active material is continuously added to the battery from the outside when the battery is working, such as hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells, etc.; Storage battery, that is, the battery is not in direct contact with the electrolyte during storage, and the electrolyte is added until the battery is used, such as magnesium silver chloride battery, also known as seawater activated battery, etc.

The third category: according to the positive and negative materials used in the battery, including: zinc series batteries, such as zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-silver batteries, etc.; Nickel series batteries, such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, etc.; Lead-acid batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, etc.; Lithium series batteries, lithium-magnesium batteries; Manganese dioxide series batteries, such as zinc-manganese batteries, alkaline manganese batteries, etc.; Air (oxygen) series batteries, such as zinc-air batteries, etc., <>

A. Nickel-cadmium battery (Ni-CD).

Voltage: Service life: 500 times.

The discharge temperature is: -20 degrees Celsius 60 degrees Celsius and the charging temperature is: 0 degrees Celsius 45 degrees Celsius.

Remarks: Strong overcharge resistance.

b. NiMH battery (NI-MH).

Voltage: Service life: 1000 times.

The discharge temperature is: -10 degrees 45 degrees Charging temperature: 10 degrees 45 degrees.

Note: At present, the maximum capacity is about 2100mAh.

c. Lithium-ion battery (li-lon).

Voltage: Service life: 500 times.

The discharge temperature is: -20 degrees Celsius 60 degrees Celsius and the charging temperature is: 0 degrees Celsius 45 degrees Celsius.

Remarks: The weight is 30% 40% lighter than NiMH battery, and the capacity is more than 60% higher than NiMH battery. However, it is not resistant to overcharging, and if it is overcharged, it will cause the temperature to be too high and damage the structure**.

d. Li-polymer battery

Voltage: Service life: 500 times.

The discharge temperature is: -20 degrees Celsius 60 degrees Celsius and the charging temperature is: 0 degrees Celsius 45 degrees Celsius.

Remarks: The improved version of lithium battery does not have battery liquid, but uses polymer electrolyte instead, which can be made into various shapes, which is more stable than lithium battery.

e. Lead-acid battery (sealed).

Voltage: 2V Service life: 200 300 times.

The discharge temperature is: 0 degrees 45 degrees The charging temperature is: 0 degrees 45 degrees.

Note: It is a general car battery (it is connected to 6 2V in series to 12V), and the service life of the battery without adding water is up to 10 years, but the volume and maximum amount are the largest <>

The rechargeable batteries we currently use can be divided into four categories according to their different chemical compositions, namely nickel-cadmium batteries (NICD), nickel-metal hydride batteries (NIMH), lead-acid batteries (PBSO4) and lithium-ion batteries (Li+).

Nickel-cadmium battery: that is, the rechargeable battery of the walkman commonly used by everyone. The nominal voltage of a battery is its capacity (the capacity of a rechargeable battery is expressed in terms of current (mA) multiplied by hours (h).

If a battery has a capacity of 500mAh, it means that the battery can be discharged for one hour at a current of 500mAh). For the general No. 5 battery (AA type) alone, between 450 and 800mA, the normal cycle charge times are more than 500 times, but if it is used incorrectly, it will greatly shorten its use times. Nickel-cadmium batteries have a phenomenon known as the "memory effect".

When a person charges a nickel-cadmium battery that has not been discharged, the battery will automatically "remember" the point at which it is not fully discharged. The next time you charge to this point, it will exhibit the same characteristics as if the battery had been discharged. In this way, although the battery is not fully discharged, the capacity is reduced at this time, which is the so-called "memory effect", which is essentially a dendritic crystal structure in the electrode, and this "memory effect" is unique to nickel-cadmium batteries.

It will seriously affect the capacity of the battery and reduce the use time of the battery, so the nickel-cadmium should be thoroughly discharged before the battery is charged, so that it can be recharged after the discharge. Lithium-ion battery: It is also a recently developed battery, the biggest advantage is that the energy density is higher, but its ** is also very high, and it is generally used in high-gear electronic products.

Option B: There is no way to replace the NA in NAOH with Roll Down. It is also a big disturbance that does not react, but Al can react with NaOH to form alo-. It is equivalent to being more active in alkaline solution.

Option D Al will be passivated in strong acid will not react, Cu and concentrated nitric acid will react which is normal.

In general, whoever reacts with the electrolyte solution does the negative electrode. B aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide, magnesium does not react, and aluminum is used as the negative electrode. d. Aluminum and concentrated nitric acid are passivated, and copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid, so copper is negative.

Al of B reacts with NaOH to form metachlorate, so it reacts with Al preferentially.

You're wrong! mg is an alkali metal! And the activity is not strong as お!

So you can't replace sodium! And al has the particularity of his companionship! It's in the periodic table of chemical elements and you're laughing stupidly near the trapezoidal line!

So there is a certain brightness of acidity! It can react with strong alkali! I won't explain!

Take a good look at your textbook!

The constituent materials of lithium batteries are mainly of the following types:

Ridge-like type 1, cathode materials: including lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, ternary, lithium oxide, lithium ferrous phosphate, etc.

Type 2, anode materials: including amorphous carbon materials, graphitized carbon materials, silicon-based materials, nitrogen carriers, new alloys, etc.

Type 3, constituent chemical materials: such as general electrolyte, lithium cobalt oxide, separator, high-temperature adhesive tape, graphite anode, oxalic acid, copper foil, aluminum foil, etc.