Withered vines and old trees, crows, where do the small bridges and flowing water come from?

From the famous Yuan Song writer of the Yuan DynastyMa Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Autumn Thoughts".

Tianjingsha Qiusi is composed by Ma Zhiyuan, who is known as the "Horse Immortal" by later generations, and it is a small order.

The juxtaposition of a variety of scenery in this song forms a picture of the autumn suburbs at sunset, allowing the wanderer to ride a thin horse on a bleak background, revealing a sad mood and expressing the sad feelings of a wanderer who misses his hometown and is tired of wandering in autumn. The first three sentences are all composed of noun phrases, and a total of nine scenes are listed, which is concise and meaningful.

The whole song is only five sentences and 28 characters, the language is extremely concise but the capacity is huge, the meaning is far-reaching, the structure is exquisite, and the frustration is caused, and it is praised as "the ancestor of autumn thought" by later generations.

Ma Zhiyuan was keen on fame when he was young, but due to the high-pressure policy of the Yuan rulers, he never achieved his ambition. He lived a wandering life almost all his life, and he was depressed and embarrassed because of it. So during the lonely journey of detention, he wrote this poem "Tianjingsha Qiusi".

Ma Zhiyuan (about 1250 between 1321 and 1324), a word for a thousand miles, the number of the East Fence, a name unknown, the word Zhiyuan, the late number of the East Fence, Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), originally from Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, a famous opera writer, essayist, miscellaneous dramatist, known as the "Horse Immortal" by later generations, and Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and called the "Four Masters of Yuan Qu", his work "Tianjingsha Autumn Thought" is called the ancestor of Autumn Thought.

Ma Zhiyuan was close to Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu and a little later, his career was bumpy in his youth, he was dissatisfied with the current politics in his later years, lived in seclusion in the countryside, entertained himself with a cup, died in the first year of Taiding (1321), and was buried in Zu Qi after his death. There are 15 kinds of miscellaneous dramas written by Ma Zhiyuan, and "Han Palace Autumn" is his representative work; There are more than 120 loose songs, and there is a compilation of "East Fence Yuefu".

This is one of the Yuan songs.

Tianjingsha Qiusi.

Author] Ma Zhiyuan.

Full text] Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses. The sun is setting, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world.

"Withered vines and old trees and crows" is a picture of vicissitudes and desolation, with a sense of twilight in life. A withered vine, an old tree, and a faint crow bring the reader into a gloomy and sad state of mind. A withering, alluding to the dryness of life; an old man, alluding to the vicissitudes of life; A faint, alluding to the dimness of the career, depressed.

Together, the reader is brought into the realm imagined by the author.

"Small Bridge and Flowing Water" seems to have changed a scene on the surface, but it is actually a nostalgia for the good times of life. A small bridge, first-class water, and a family, three scenes, write the warmth of the family and the longing for the family. This sentence is facing the sorrow of life in the previous and subsequent sentences, expressing the author's pursuit of a better life, but it will not be available for the rest of his life.

From "Tianjingsha Qiusi", the full poem is as follows:

Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses.

The sun is setting, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world.

Vernacular translation. Dead vines entwined the old trees, and on the branches roosted crows that had returned to their nests at dusk. Under the small bridge, the water is murmuring, and there are several families next to it. On the ancient and desolate road, the autumn breeze is bleak, and a tired thin horse carries the wanderer.

The sun is slowly setting in the west, and the extremely sad traveler is still adrift at the end of the world.

Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. Ancient road west wind thin horse. The sun is setting, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world.

As follows:

Tianjingsha Qiusi original text: Yuan Dynasty: Ma Zhiyuan.

Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses. The sun is setting, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world.

Translation: At dusk, a flock of crows landed on an old tree entwined with dead vines and let out a terrible wail. The water under the small bridge is rattling, and the smoke of the villagers by the small bridge is curling.

A thin horse on the ancient road is struggling to move forward against the west wind. The setting sun gradually loses its luster and sets in the west. In the bleak night, only the lonely traveler wanders in a distant place.

The central idea of Tianjingsha Qiusi:This poem is very short, with only five sentences and 28 characters in total, and there is no word "autumn" in the whole song, but it depicts a bleak and moving picture of the autumn suburb sunset, and accurately conveys the sad state of mind of the traveler. This successful piece, which is praised as the ancestor of Qiu Si, embodies the artistic characteristics of classical Chinese poetry in many ways.

Through the above analysis, it can be seen that Tianjingsha Qiusi is one of the most mature works of classical Chinese poetry. Although it is a Yuan qu (song style), in fact, it embodies the artistic characteristics of classical Chinese poetry in many ways.

What does it mean to have a small bridge and flowing water, a dead vine and an old tree.

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I'm glad to answer for you, this verse means that at dusk, a flock of crows landed on an old tree entwined with dead vines, making a slippery and terrible wail. The poem describes a scene where there is a small bridge and flowing water, and there is a family next to it, surrounded by withered vines and old trees, and there are many crows flying. Figures of speech such as duality and symbolism are used in this sentence.

Duality refers to emphasizing a certain meaning or emotion by repeatedly using the same grammatical structure, such as "small bridge and flowing water"; Symbolism, on the other hand, refers to the use of a concrete thing to represent an abstract concept, such as "withered vines and old trees, and crows", which represent the passage of time and the passing of life.

The meaning of this poem is to describe the destruction of a natural beauty in Kaiwang, just like the beautiful scene of life. The dead vines and old trees represent the interrelationship between nature. Dead vines and old trees may not look good and vibrant, dull, but they are still growing tenaciously.

The same is true of the crows, which may not seem to be very attractive animals, but they are very important for certain ecosystems. The small bridge and flowing water encapsulates another aspect of nature, the integration between human life and nature. The serenity of the small bridge and the flowing water, the fast and free exhalation of the light and slender boy in the human house, full of vitality and hustle and bustle.

It can be seen that this poem expresses our belief in harmonious coexistence with nature, and conveys that Sun Hui has a peaceful and comfortable state of life.

On the level of human sensibility, in this poetic mood, we connect natural creatures with human life, and together they make up this nature. On the rational level of human beings, it is not difficult to find the diversity of natural beauty and the interaction between humans and nature. When we look at these scenes, we may think more about the environmental conditions we are in today and where we are headed in the future.

We should do a better job of protecting the relationship between nature and humanity and thriving sustainably, rather than constantly chasing explosive growth and short-term gains.

In our lives, we also need to learn to appreciate the beauty of nature, learn to draw happiness from daily life, and pursue the satisfaction in the ordinary. We need to protect nature and our environment, and pass on the beauty of nature to the next generation, so that they too can enjoy the beauty of nature. Only in this way can we truly realize the values and beliefs of harmony between man and nature.