Who invented the abacus bead? How many beads are there in the abacus?

The beads in the lower column are strung every five, each bead represents the number 1, and when it means 4, 4 beads are set aside, and when it means 5, it is generally directly represented by a bead in the upper column (this step is similar to the carry in the calculation).

Each bead in the above column represents 5, for example, when representing 5, only the bead in the column of the upper and lower sides is used, and when it means 9, the upper one is added to the 4 below it, which means that when 10, it is forward. Therefore, the old-fashioned abacus has two beads on the top and 5 on the bottom, while the improved abacus is generally used now, with only one bead on the top and only 4 on the bottom.

The abacus is a form of manual operation calculation aid. It originated in China and has a history of more than 2,600 years and is an important invention in ancient China. Before the advent of Arabic numerals, the abacus was a widely used calculation tool in the world.

Today, abacus continues to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in stores, where it can be bought from stores of Chinese and Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help children understand numbers, and some mathematicians like to experience what it's like to use an abacus to calculate simple arithmetic problems.

Brief introduction. Although we have entered the age of electronic computers, we cannot but admire the great wisdom of our ancestors when we look at the ancient fibre Chinese abacus. The general abacus is mostly made of wood (or plastic products), and a string of equal number of abacus beads is arranged in a rectangular wooden frame called a file, and there is a beam to divide the beads into two parts, the upper half of each abacus represents 5, and the lower half of each abacus represents 1.

From right to left, each bead represents the decimal digits, tens, hundreds, thousands, and tens of thousands. With the addition of software - a set of calculation formulas of finger bead rules, you can solve all kinds of complex calculations, and even open multiple squares. The abacus is the predecessor of the modern computer and is a symbol of ancient Chinese computing technology.

The abacus was invented by the Chinese on the basis of long-term use of arithmetic chips. In ancient times, people used small wooden sticks to make calculations, and these small wooden sticks were called"Calculate the chips", calculations performed with a chip as a tool are called"Calculation"。Later, with the development of production, the use of small wooden sticks for calculations was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculator - the abacus.

The abacus is rectangular, surrounded by a wooden frame, in which are fixed a small wooden stick, the small wooden stick is wearing wooden beads, a beam in the middle and the abacus is divided into two parts, the upper half of each wooden stick has two beads, each bead is five, the lower half has five beads, each bead represents one.

The origin of the abacus.

As for the origin of the abacus, it can be traced back to 600 B.C., and it is said that there was one in China at that time"Abacus"。The ancients strung 10 abacus beads into a group, arranged them in groups, put them into the frame, and then quickly dialed the abacus beads to calculate. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Yue recorded in the "Records of Mathematics" that when his teacher Liu Hong visited the hermit Mr. Tianmu, Mr. Tianmu explained 14 calculation methods, one of which was the abacus, and the calculation tools used were very close to the modern abacus.

Each of these abacus has 5 movable beads, with the top 1 being equal to 5 and the bottom 4 being treated as 1 each.

With the use of abacus, people have summed up many calculation formulas, making the speed of calculation faster. This method of calculating with an abacus is called abacus. In the Ming Dynasty, abacus could not only do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but also calculate the land area and the size of various shapes and things.

Because the abacus is simple to make, cheap, easy to memorize, and simple to calculate, it is widely used in China and has spread to Japan, North Korea, the United States and Southeast Asia and other countries and regions.

Now, it has entered the era of electronic computers, but the ancient abacus still plays an important role. In China, there are a number of prudent masters in all walks of life. The use of abacus and abacus, in addition to the convenience of calculation, also has the effect of exercising thinking ability, because the planning disk requires the close cooperation of the brain, eyes and hands, which is a good way to exercise the brain.

Xu Yue (?) 220) word Gong River. He was a famous mathematician and astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the world's first "abacus" proposer and "abacus" recorder.

A native of Donglai (now Laizhou City). During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous astronomer Liu Hong created the "Dry Elephant Calendar" and "personally taught it the law" to Xu Yue. Xu Yue devoted himself to the study of the calendars such as obscurity, Shuo, strings, hope, and the eclipse of the sun and the moon, and further improved the "dry elephant calendar", and later taught the calendar to Kan Ze, the secretary of Wu Guozhong, so that the calendar could be implemented in Wu State.

The study of the calendar laid a solid foundation for Xu Yue's future research in arithmetic. He collected a large number of mathematical materials since the pre-Qin period, and wrote mathematical works such as "Records of Mathematics" and "The Need for Arithmetic". The "Records of Mathematics" records in detail the essence of his arithmetic questions and answers with Liu Hong, and introduces 14 calculation methods.

For the first time, the style of the abacus was recorded, and for the first time, it was named "abacus". Emperor Yankang of the Han Dynasty died of illness in the first year (220).