What is the hardness of water What is the hardness of water

In the process of water being heated, due to evaporation and concentration, it is easy to form scale, which adheres to the heating surface and affects the heat conduction, and the total concentration of these metal ions in the water is called the hardness of water.

For example, the most common metal ions in natural water are calcium ions (Ca+) and magnesium ions (Mg+), which are combined with anions in water, such as carbonate ions (CO3-), bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), sulfate ions (SO4-), chloride ions (Cl-), and nitrate ions (NO3-), etc., to form calcium and magnesium carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate and other hardness. Metal ions such as iron, manganese, and ytium in water can also form hardness, but they can be omitted because they are present in very small amounts in natural water.

Therefore, the total concentration of Ca+, Mg+ is usually regarded as the hardness of water. The hardness of the water has a great influence on the boiler water, therefore, the water should be softened or desalination according to the requirements of the boiler for water quality with various different parameters.

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The hardness of water refers to the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the water, and the more calcium and magnesium ions in the water, the hardness is high, that is to say, there is more scale, and the hardness is low if there are fewer calcium and magnesium ions in the water, that is to say, there is less scale, so as to measure the quality of water. It is usually measured in terms of the magnesium l calcium carbonate content, which is how many milligrams of calcium carbonate concentration is contained per liter of water.

The hardness of water refers to the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the water.

The hardness of water is usually the sum of the amount of calcium, magnesium and other metal ions in the water. These ions mainly come from groundwater or surface water containing carbonates, and can also be mixed into the water due to rusting pipes.

The hardness of water is generally divided into two types: temporary hardness and permanent hardness. Temporary hardness is caused by calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate dissolved in water, which will decompose when heated, so it is also called basic hardness.

The permanent hardness is caused by the dissolved metal ions containing sulfates, chlorides, etc., and is not affected by temperature changes, and it can produce less foam when combined with detergents, reducing the cleaning effect.

There are a variety of hardness methods used to treat water, including softening, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, oak guessing, and other techniques. One of the most common is the use of ion exchange resins to remove ions from water, such as sodium ions can replace calcium and magnesium ions, thereby softening the hardness of water.

Impact:

1. Affect the cleaning effect: The calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water interact with the surfactant in the detergent, which will produce a substance that is difficult to be cleaned off. Therefore, more detergent may be required when washing items such as clothes, utensils, etc. in hard water.

2. Affect the foam of bath and shampoo: Hard water will cause the foam of the detergent to decrease. This will not only affect the cleaning effect, but may also affect the comfort.

3. Affect the life of dry water hot water equipment: calcium and magnesium ions in hard water are easy to scale in the pipeline, forming the scale accumulation of heat source equipment and shortening its service life.

4. Affect the cleaning of faucets and sinks: hard water will leave white marks in sinks, faucets and other places, which is difficult to be cleaned and affects the appearance.

The hardness of water refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the cavity water, and the unit of hardness is ppm, and 1ppm represents the calcium carbonate content in Wudailing water of 1 milliliter (mg l).

According to the notice of the National Health and Family Planning Commission document (Health Supervision and Supervision No. 2007 No. 248) "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-2006), the hardness of drinking water (in terms of CaCO3, mg L) does not exceed 450mg L, and the World Health Organization recommends that the hardness of the best drinking water is 170mg L.

The hardness of water is determined by the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. The definition of hardness in the head office refers to the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water, including carbonate hardness (that is, calcium and magnesium ions that can be precipitated in the form of carbonate by heating, so it is also called temporary hardness) and non-carbonate hardness (that is, the part of calcium and magnesium ions that cannot be precipitated after heating, also known as permanent hardness).

The hardness of water refers to the ability of calcium and magnesium ions in water to precipitate soapy water. The hardness of water is determined by the amount of metal ions such as calcium and magnesium contained in the water, which are present in the water in the form of carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides. The content of calcium, magnesium, iron and other metal ions in soft water is small, and the calcium carbonate content in water is 50 ml per liter, and the hardness is degrees.

Below 8 degrees is soft water, 8 degrees 14 degrees is low hardness water, and 20 30 degrees is high hardness water.

Hardness classification: The hardness of water is mainly divided into two categories: carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness. Carbonate hardnessCarbonate hardness is mainly formed by calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and a small amount of carbonate hardness.

The hardness of bicarbonate is decomposed into a precipitate that is removed from the water after heating, so it is also called temporary hardness. Non-carbonate hardnessNon-carbonate hardness is mainly formed by salts such as sulfate, chloride and nitrate of calcium and magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by pyrolysis, so it is also called permanent hardness.