Chemistry The conditions under which various substances of acids, bases, and salts react

According to the metathesis reaction.

The conditions that tend to be completed, certain conditions are required for the metathesis reaction to occur. However, whether gas, precipitation, or water is produced alone cannot fully determine whether the metathesis reaction can occur.

For example, HCl+CH3CoOnA=CH3CoOH+NaCl does not produce gas, precipitation, or water. But it actually happened.

Therefore, the conditions for the occurrence of metathesis reaction should be analyzed according to the following five types of reactions from the aspects of reactants and products.

1.Basic oxides.

Sour. Conditions: Acids are more acidic, HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, etc. 2.Base + Acid (Neutralization Reaction.

Conditions: When the acid and base are weak, no reaction occurs, (almost all encountered in junior high school can react) 3Acid + salt.

Conditions: Strong acid.

Weak acids. Or.

Both reactants are soluble, and the exchange ions are precipitated.

Satisfy one).

4.Alkali + salt.

Conditions: Ammonium salt reacts with a strong base.

Or. Both reactants are soluble, and the exchange ions are precipitated.

Satisfy one).

5.Salt + salt.

Conditions: Both reactants are soluble and the exchange ions are precipitated.

1) Elemental metals. Sour.

Salt + hydrogen (displacement reaction).

Pre-hydrogen metal, acid is hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.

2) Elemental metals. Salt (solution).

Another metal.

Another salt (displacement reaction).

Elemental metals are pre-metal in salts (except potassium, calcium and sodium), and salts must be soluble in water.

3) Basic oxides. Sour.

Salt. Water (metathesis reaction).

The acid is soluble in water. 4) Acidic oxides. Alkali.

Salt. Water. The alkali is soluble in water (not a metathesis reaction).

5) Acids. Alkali.

Salt. Water (metathesis reaction).

At least one of acids and bases is soluble in water.

6) Acids. Salt.

Another acid. Another salt (metathesis reaction).

The insoluble salt of the junior high school is carbonate, and the acid is soluble and produces gas.

The reactants are soluble in water and form salts as precipitates.

7) Alkali. Salt.

Another alkali. Another salt (metathesis reaction).

The reactants must be soluble, and the ammonium salt is gaseous, and the non-ammonium salt must be precipitated.

8) Salt. Salt.

Two new salts. Metathesis reaction).

The reactants should be soluble, and the products should be precipitated.

In junior high school, it is said that there is water production, and in high school, it becomes that there is weak electrolyte production, and CH3COOH is a weak electrolyte, so the reaction can be carried out.

Acids can neutralize alkalis to form salts and water.

Acid Reaction with Salt Conditions: The salts participating in the reaction must be soluble in acids.

Alkali and salt reaction conditions: the reactants are soluble in water, and the products are precipitated.

Salt and salt reaction conditions: The reactants can be soluble in water, and there is cherry dust precipitate in the generated brothers.

Neutralization and counterpulsation can occur between acid and base, and hydroxide-based sodium leakage is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water, and the chemical equation of the reaction is: HCl+NaOH NaCl+H2

o So the answer is: neutralization; hcl+naoh═nacl+h2o．

Acid: When ionized, the cation is a compound of hydrogen ions as an acid. For example: HCl, H2SO4, etc.

Base: When ionized, the anion is the hydroxide ion of the compound, which is the base. For example: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, etc.

Salts: Compounds that produce metal ions and acid ions when ionized are salts. For example: NaCl, CaCO3, CuSO4, etc.

Acid generality [H+]:

1.Interaction with acid-base indicator: purple litmus test solution (red when encountering acid solution, blue when encountering alkali solution, and no discolor when encountering salt solution) colorless phenolphthalein test solution (no discoloration when encountering acid solution and salt solution, and red when encountering alkali solution).

2.With metal elementals (metal activity is located in front of hydrogen. ）：zn+h2so4=znso4+h2↑、

3.With metal oxides (all): CuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2O

4.Reaction with individual salt solutions: carbonates, etc.

5.Reaction with alkali solution: NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O (this is a metathesis reaction and a neutralization reaction.) ）

Acid characteristics: sulfate reacts with barium salt to form a white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid, and chloride ions in hydrochloric acid react with silver salt to form a white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. 】

Alkaline generality [oh-]:

1.Reacts with acid-base indicators (same as above).

2.Reaction with non-metallic oxides: CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O (sodium hydroxide deterioration).

3.Reaction with saline solution 2NaOH + CuSO4 = Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

4.Reacts with acids.

Metathesis reaction).

The reaction in which two compounds exchange components with each other to form two other compounds is called metathesis. Its essence is: the two substances that undergo metathesis reaction exchange ions with each other in the aqueous solution, and combine into substances that are difficult to ionize--- precipitation, gas, and water, so that the ion concentration in the solution is reduced, and the chemical reaction is carried out in the direction of the reduction of ion concentration.

It can be abbreviated as ab cd = ad cb. The essence of the metathesis reaction is that the ions in the solution combine into ionized substances (such as water), insoluble substances or volatile gases, so that the metathesis reaction tends to be completed. (It can be abbreviated as:

Alkali salt brine is dissolved in brine and precipitated gas is generated in water. In order to correctly write the chemical equation of the metathesis reaction, it is necessary to memorize the solubility tables of common acids, bases, and salts, and use the solubility of substances correctly.

Neutralization reaction: A reaction in which acids and bases exchange components with each other to produce salts and water. (The neutralization reaction must be a metathesis reaction, but the metathesis reaction is not necessarily a neutralization reaction).

1. Properties Acid: 1 Acid can react with the indicator, 2 Acid can react with metal oxides, 3 Acid can react with salt, 4 Acid can react with alkali, 5 Acid can react with metal (activity before H).

Alkali: 1 alkali energy and indicator reaction 2 alkali energy and non-gold oxide reaction 3 energy and salt reaction 4 alkali energy and acid reaction.

Salt: 1 Salt energy and acid reaction 2 Salt energy and alkali reaction 3 Salt energy and salt reaction 2: Typical chemical equation.

1. Acid and alkali react to form salt and water; 2. Acid energy reacts with active metals to form salt and hydrogen; 3. Acid energy reacts with metal oxides to form salt and water; 4. Acid energy and alkali undergo neutralization reaction to form salt and water; 5. Salt and salt reaction to form two new salts.

In fact, there is a certain truth in what you said, and if you understand it simply, it is like that.

The conditions of the reaction mainly depend on two aspects, one is thermodynamics.

One is kinetics.

For example, in thermodynamics, such as electrochemistry, redox reactions.

The electrode potential value may be affected by the acidity and alkalinity of the medium, as hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions may be present in the electrode reaction.

In this way, the redox capacity of the substance may change with the pH of the system, usually using the Nernst equation.

to quantitatively describe. Sometimes, a change in the medium may cause a reversal of the chemical reaction.

In terms of kinetics, the course of the reaction is mainly affected by the difference in media, which may affect the rate of the reaction. For example, the ketone-enol balance of aldehydes or ketones in organic chemistry is affected by the acidity and alkalinity of the medium. The one you guessed is kind of like the kinetic one.

Hope it helps.

H donates proton nuclei and OH donates unpaired electrons.

Acid and alkali salts generally undergo metathesis reaction.

Reactions formed with water are generally neutralizing reactions.

That is, acids and bases produce the corresponding salts and water.

The reaction between the acid cave and the salt, the alkali and the salt, and the salt and the salt is generally formed by gas or sedimentation.

Most of the reaction conditions are at room temperature.

1.Reactants: For metathesis reactions that do not have bright and acidic participation, the reactants must be soluble and poorly touched in water.

2.Product: For all metathesis reactions, the product must be precipitated or gas or water (note: or just one of the conditions must be met).

All conditions you have questions can hi me.

I'll start by enumerating what you're asking.

Salt can react with salt.

The general principle of the reaction is the formation of precipitate or gas or water.

As. AgNO3 + NaCl = AGCL + Nano3 or. NaHSO4+NaHCO3=Na2SO4+H2O+CO2 acid salts can react with acids.

For example: 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 or redox reaction.

2Hno3+Fe2+=Fe3++No+H2O--- is not matched first.

You have to ask me more.

This question is a bit troublesome to type!

In fact, acid salt is an intermediate product, which is used as an acid when reacting with alkali and salt, and as a salt when reacting with an acid!

For example: (no trimming).

NaHSO4+NAOH=NaSO4+H2O, ionic equation: H+OH=H2O

NaHSO4+BA(OH)2=BASO4+NaSO4+H2O, the ion equation is the same as above, that is, when it is used as an acid!

NaHSO4+Na2CO3=NaSO4+H2O+CO2, ion equation: H+CO3=CO2+H2O

nahso4+baco3=naso4+baso4+co2+h2o！It is also used as an acid!

But reacting with acid is troublesome!

Acid salts with strong acids react with weak acids (relatively) and cannot react without forming gas or precipitate or water! For example, the acid salt and sulfurous acid above... Acids that are weaker than him cannot react without producing gas or precipitate or water! Don't give examples, I'm too tired, I really can't say clearly, so much to say, I hope it can help you!