Knowledge of the chemistry of acids and bases

Acid: Chemically refers to a compound that is completely hydrogen when ionized in solution and can turn purple litmus solution red. In a narrow sense, it can also be divided into inorganic acids and organic acids.

The acid-base proton theory holds that acid is a substance that can release protons, which is collectively called acid. Alkali:

All anions are compounds of hydroxide ions (OH-) on ionization. (Some salt solutions also have a pH value greater than 7, but it is not a base, such as: soda ash (sodium carbonate) Na2CO3, baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) NaHCO3, etc.)

Salts: Chemically speaking, salts in the broad sense are neutral (uncharged) ionic compounds composed of metal cations (positively charged ions) and acid anions (negatively charged ions),10

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1. Definition of acid, alkali and salt.

1. Acid is a compound composed of hydrogen and acid ions; Acid ===h++ acid ion base is a compound composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions; Base ===OH-+ metal ion salts are compounds composed of metal ions and acid ions. Salt === metal ion + acid ion 2, common acids are hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

The reason why acids have similar chemical properties: they all contain the same hydrogen ions in their solutions.

The reason for the different chemical properties of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid: they contain different acid ions.

For example, hydrochloric acid can react with silver nitrate, while sulfuric acid can react with barium salt solution.

3. Common alkalis include sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

The reason why bases have similar chemical properties: they all contain the same hydroxide ions in their solutions.

The reason why sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide have different chemical properties: they contain different metal ions.

For example, calcium hydroxide solution can react with sodium carbonate solution.

4. Common salts include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.

2. Chemical properties of acids, alkalis and salts.

1. The action of acid and indicator can make the purple litmus solution red, and the phenolphthalein solution does not change color 2. The alkali and the indicator can make the colorless phenolphthalein solution red, and the purple litmus solution turns blue 3. Acid + metal --- salt + hydrogen (react with acid, it is difficult to carry out after hydrogen) mg, al, zn, fe

4. Salt + metal --- new salt + new metal.

and salt solution, the pre-gold is replaced with the post-gold).

5. Alkali + non-metal oxide --- salt + water (alkali soluble) CO2, SO2 and SO3 react with NaOH and Ca(OH)2 respectively 6, acid + metal oxide ---10

Acid: The cations produced during ionization are all hydrogen ion compounds, called acids such as: H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HCL (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid) base

The anions produced during ionization are all compounds of hydroxide ions, called bases, such as: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), NH4OH (ammonia) salts: compounds that generate metal cations (or NH4) and acid ions during ionization, called salts

Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), CuSO4 (copper sulfate), NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate).

The compound formed by the combination of hydrogen ions and acid ions is acid.

The compound formed by the combination of metal ions and acid ions is salt.

The compound formed by the combination of metal ions and hydroxide ions is a base.

Acids are H+ (hydrogen ions) plus acid ions.

Alkali is a metal ion plus (OH-) hydroxide ion.

Salts are ammonium ions or metal cations plus acid anions.

For example, Hno3 is composed of hydrogen ions and acid ions, which is an acid;

H2SO4 is composed of hydrogen ions and acid ions, then it belongs to acid NaOH is composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions, and belongs to alkali;

NaCl can be understood as the product of the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which is composed of metal ions and acid ions, and belongs to salt;

Chemically, salts in the broad sense are neutral (uncharged) ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions)1Reaction with acid [metathesis reaction] acid + salt New salt + new acid (strong acid, weak acid) The salt here can be insoluble salt. [Example] 2HCl + Na2CO3 = H2O + CO2 + 2NaCl (carbonic acid is unstable and will continue to decompose into water and carbon dioxide) 2

Reaction with alkali [metathesis reaction] alkali (soluble) + salt (soluble) neoalkali + new salt [Example] 2NaOH + CuSO4 = Cu (OH)?↓na2so4 3.Reaction with some metals [displacement reaction] salt + metal (some) new metal + new salt The metal in the reaction must be more active than the metal in the salt before it can be replaced [Example] Zn+CuSO4=ZNSO4+CU Salts are also divided into normal salts, acid salts, neutral salts, basic salts, and double salts.

Positive salts: composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions) and non-metal ions Acid salts: composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions), hydrogen ions, acid ions and non-metal ions Basic salts:

Composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions), hydroxide ions, acid ions, and non-metal ions Complex salts: Composed of different metal ions (including ammonium ions) and acid ions Basic salts explained in detail The anions formed during ionization include hydroxide ions in addition to acid ions, and cations are metal ions (or NH?).+) of salt.

When an acid reacts with a base, the hydroxide ions in the weak base are partially neutralized, and the salt produced is a basic salt. Only basic salts, binary bases or polybases have the potential to form basic salts. The composition and properties of basic salts are complex and diverse.

Basic copper carbonate Cu2(OH)2CO3 and magnesium Mg(OH)Cl are all basic salts. Basic salts are the products of alkali being partially neutralized by acids.

There are a lot of these, so let's pay attention to the accumulation at all times.

Strong acids: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid.

Weak acids: carbonic acid, acetic acid.

Strong bases: sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide.

Salts: carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chlorides.

Sodium salt, iron salt.

Borate hydrochloric acid.

Sulfuric acid nitric acid. Nhoh acetate

Calcium carbonate NaCl

..A lot of pulling.

You can borrow a chemistry book and read it!!

Acid is a cation composed of hydrogen ions, and anions are acid radicals.

1.It reacts with alkali to produce salt and water.

2.Reacts with salts to form new acids and new salts (only with weakened salts)3It reacts with alkaline oxides to produce the corresponding salts and water.

4.It can react with acid-base indicators and turn red with purple litmus.

5.Reflecting with some metals (metal activity before h), the composition of salts and hydrogen-6 acids is mainly non-metallic elements.

The universality of bases: the cation consists of a metal (or ammonium), and the anion is hydroxide.

1.Reacts with all acids.

2.It reacts with some acidic oxides to generate the corresponding salts and water3Reacting with acid-base indicator, it turns red in case of phenolphthalein and blue in case of purple litmus4React with the salt to generate new alkali and new salt.

5. Alkali is mainly the metal element of the main group and most of the elements of the secondary group. (Special cases of aluminum and zinc, this is not a junior high school in some places, and it doesn't hurt to know).

Universality of salts: The cation consists of a metal (or ammonium) and an anion is an acid.

1.with acids. 2。with alkali.

3.Reacts with salt to generate 2 new salts.

The above three must generate precipitated water, gases and other substances with low solubility), which is essentially a decrease in ion concentration.

4.Displacement reaction with reactive metals (except ammonia salts).

The hands of the beaters are numb, and I don't know if I understand it. This is the chemical properties of all acids and alkalis to be learned in middle school.

Need your score, I'm good at chemistry.

Acids refer to compounds composed of H ions and acid ions; Alkali refers to a compound composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions; Salts are chemical compounds made up of metal ions and acid ions.

The cations produced by ionization are all hydrogen ions, and the compound is an acid;

The anions produced by ionization are all hydroxide ions, and the compound is a base;

Ionization produces both metal ions and acid ions, and the compound is salt.

Acid-base salts are a classification of compounds from the point of view of their composition.

Specifically: compounds with only hydrogen ions ionized in aqueous solution, such as HA ionized anions in aqueous solution, are only hydroxide ions, called bases, such as BOH in aqueous solution, which can ionize the corresponding cations (metal cations or ammonium ions) and acid anions, called salts, such as BA

of acids.

Chemical formula bai

The general formula is generally du:hnmm (where m can be zhi, an element, or an atomic cluster, dao

e.g. HCL, H2SO4, etc.

The general formula of the chemical formula for the bulk matter of alkalis is generally M(OH)X, which is two parts: metal ions and OH ions.

Common acids in junior high school: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, CH3COOH

Common bases: NaOH, Ca(OH)2.

Salts: NaCl, CaCO3.

Acids, simply put, contain hydrogen ions (H+), such as HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, etc.;

Alkaline substances, simply put, contain hydroxide separation plates (right OH-), such as NaOH, KOH, CA(OH)2, etc.;

Salt is a substance formed by acid-base reaction, such as NaCl, AgNO3, BaSO4, etc.

Acid: H base: OH

Salt: anion and ion. Mainly metals.

In fact, there are many ways to classify them.

Acids contain hydrogen ions, alkalis contain hydroxide ions, common, acids, HCl, H2SO4, alkalis NaOH, KOH