Did the Jin Shang and the Hui Shang appear at the same time? When? What are their similarities and d

It seems to be different, bookstores are sold, Hui merchants are making money, auxiliary students, students are high schools, auxiliary businessmen, it seems to be like this, there are books for sale, it seems to be called China's big merchant gang.

To put it simply: the foundation of Jinshang is to pay attention to credit.

Hui merchants were more speculative and adept at using political resources.

1. The people referred to are different: Jin merchants, usually in the sense of Jin merchants, refer to Shanxi merchants in the Qing Dynasty for 500 years. Hui merchants, that is, Huizhou merchants and Xin'an merchants, commonly known as "Hui Gang", refers to the general name of Huizhou (government) merchants, and is one of the three major business schools.

2. Different business methods: Jin merchants operate salt industry, ticket number and other businesses, especially the ticket number is the most famous. The Jin merchants also left a rich architectural heritage for China, such as the famous Qiaojia Courtyard, Changjia Manor, Caojia Sanduotang, Wangjia Courtyard and so on.

The feudalization of the profits of merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties was mainly manifested in the donation of salaries, the purchase of land, and the loan of capital by Gao Chunqing. The most famous industries of Huizhou merchants are salt, pawn, tea and wood, followed by rice, grain, cotton, silk, paper, ink, porcelain tape and so on. Among them, there are many tea and wood merchants in Wuyuan, salt merchants in She County, many vegetable restaurants in Jixi, pawn merchants in Xiuning, and cloth and groceries in Qimen and Yixian.

The Jin Shang and Hui Shang were slightly different in their causes and the time of their rise and fall. The Jin Shang Dynasty arose in the early Ming Dynasty, that is, in the middle of the 14th century, due to the large number of garrisons in the northern border fortress, and the Ming Dynasty implemented the "Open China Law". The so-called Kaizhong method, that is, the merchant transported grain for the soldiers of the border to eat, and the dynasty paid the merchant salt, and the merchant led the salt to the designated salt field and the designated area to sell salt, because the salt is a monopoly product, the profit is quite rich.

Jin merchants seized the opportunity to take advantage of the geographical advantage to take advantage of the "opening of the Chinese law" to take the lead. Hui merchants are the 5th year of Ming Hongzhi (1492), the Ming Dynasty because of the "open law" law cheating, changed "open in the middle" to "fold color", merchants in exchange for silver in exchange for salt to sell salt, Hui merchants to the geographical proximity of the two Huai salt field distribution center - Yangzhou, in the two Huai show their skills, and rise in the business world. The Jin merchants declined at the end of the Qing Dynasty and declined with the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

The decline of the Hui merchants was from the 12th year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1832) to implement the salt law reform, the "gang salt system" was changed to the "ticket salt system", and the monopoly of salt introduction and merchants on the salt industry was abolished, and they embarked on the road of decline since then. Of course, there were other factors in the decline of the Jin merchants and the Hui merchants, but the above reasons were the reasons for the beginning, and they collapsed from this. In this way, the Jin merchants were active in the business community for more than 500 years from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the Hui merchants were active in the business community for nearly 300 years from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty.

Huizhou merchants, born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, grew up in the Tang and Song dynasties, flourished in the Ming Dynasty, Huizhou, now Huangshan City, Jixi County and Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province.

Jin merchants, usually refer to the 500 years of the Qing Dynasty Shanxi merchants, Jin merchants engaged in the salt industry, ticket numbers and other businesses, especially the ticket number is the most famous. It can also be traced back to: the samurai between the Sui and Tang dynasties.

When Wu Zetian's father, Li Yuan and his son raised troops from Taiyuan, the timber merchant Wu vigorously funded it from financial resources, and Li Yuan and his son began to seize national power with the most elite Taiyuan army and Wu family's financial resources at that time.

The usual meaning of the Jin merchants refers to the Shanxi merchants in the 500 years of the Qing Dynasty, and the Jin merchants engaged in salt industry, ticket numbers and other businesses, especially the ticket number is the most famous. The Jin merchants also left a rich architectural heritage for China, such as the famous Qiaojia Courtyard, Changjia Manor, Li Family Compound, Wang Family Compound, Qujia Courtyard, Cao Family Sanduotang and so on.

Hui merchants were born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, grew up in the Tang and Song dynasties, and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. Hui merchants are also known as "Xin'an merchants", commonly known as "Hui Gang". Huizhou, present-day Huangshan City, Jixi County, Anhui Province and Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province.

Hui merchants are one of the top ten business gangs in China, in the heyday of Hui merchants once occupied 4 7 of the country's total assets, also Confucianism and businessmen, hard work, won the reputation of "Hui camel". The scope of activities of the Hui merchants spread throughout the urban and rural areas, reaching Huainan in the east, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guan, and Long in the west, Youyan, Liaodong in the north, and Fujian and Guangdong in the south. The footprints of Huizhou merchants also reached as far as Japan, Siam, Southeast Asian countries and Portugal.

In the late Qing Dynasty, with the collapse of the feudal economy, the Hui merchants gradually declined.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, regional merchant groups appeared, with the Jin merchants and Hui merchants being the most famous.

Mainly the Ming Dynasty.

Relying on feudal power, large merchant gangs gradually grew and rose in an all-round way in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Jin merchants: composed of Shanxi merchants, mainly selling grain, salt, silk, etc., to Qianlong and specialized in exchange, lending and deposit business, in all parts of the country to open "ticket numbers", convenient currency circulation.

Huizhou merchants: composed of merchants from Huizhou Prefecture in the south of the Yangtze River, mainly engaged in the business activities of salt, pawn, tea, timber, grain, cloth and silk industries.

1. Jinshang's assessment of managers is mainly aimed at their ability to grasp the situation at a macro level. "Before the manager is hired, the Caidong will conduct a strict inspection of this person to confirm that he has made a difference, can attack and defend, and is resourceful and fickle. (Li Hongling:.)

Tongzhou advice") and Huishang put more emphasis on the manager's financial management ability, and the financial management ability of the candidate is very high, that is, the so-called "the person who is responsible for raising capital and giving it to the planner, sitting and receiving it". In addition, scheming and thrifty self-discipline are also one of the criteria for Huizhou businessmen to select managers.

2. Jin Merchants and Hui Merchants both improve the quality of practitioners through practical exercises, and select talents through training and assessment in the process of use, but there are differences in the scope of talent selection. The selection of Jin merchants is mainly based on fellow villagers, and the conditions are almost harsh, and there is no possibility of accommodation. Li Weiqing's "Shanxi Taigu Silver and Money Industry: The Past and Present" contains:

Jin merchants select talents, "the age must be more than fifteen, less than twenty, the height must be five feet, the family background is innocent, the facial features are correct, there is no defect, the language is justified, and the action is sensitive." Those who must be generous, accustomed to politeness, and not afraid to travel far are qualified. "Most of the people selected by Huizhou merchants are the same family.

On the one hand, we should pay attention to the assessment of personal diligence, modesty, patience, flexibility, frugality, and the quality of knowledge, righteousness, and reason, and on the other hand, we should also take into account the interests of the family. ”

3. Hui merchants flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and Jin merchants flourished in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

4. In terms of business philosophy: Jin businessmen value money rather than officials, "learn and excel in business", and teach children how to make money from an early age; Hui businessmen value officials rather than money, make money to be officials, teach their children to be officials since they were young, and pin their hopes for success on officialdom.

5. In terms of business content: Jin merchants mainly focus on ticket numbers, and concurrently operate grain, cotton, salt, tea, etc. required in the north. Hui merchants advocate culture, Confucianism and business, cultivate the character of "Jia and good Confucianism", mainly in the money village, dealing in salt, tea, wood, or silk, grain for great profits.

6. Geographically: The main business scope of Jin merchants is to develop to the north of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and the north by going to the west exit; Hui merchants were mainly in the Lianghuai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and sometimes went north along the canal or sea route to the Beijing-Tianjin area.

7. In terms of business methods: Jin merchants win big with small businesses, often starting from small merchants and hawkers, making careful calculations, gradually accumulating capital, developing steadily, and forming a system; The Hui merchants started with observation, opportunistically, and united with each other to form a business gang.