What is demyelination? How was it caused?

The causes of the formation of myelin diseases are divided into congenital and acquired formations. Congenital formation of hereditary diseases; The main causes of acquired development include immune factors, such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, viral infections, and some demyelinating diseases caused by ischemia, hypoxia, or poisoning. In some patients, demyelination changes are caused by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or due to lack of various nutrients, and multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica are found to be inseparable from autologous humoral immunity, cellular immunity, T lymphocyte immunity, and B lymphocyte immunity.

Demyelination occurs when the myelin sheath of the axons of the cerebrospinal cord is lost. There are two categories: myelin destruction; Disorders of myelination. Spinal inflammatory demyelinating diseases are currently considered to be immune-mediated diseases, and their clinical features are:

The patients were children and young adults;

Acute onset, common history of cold, fever, infection, rash, vaccination, cold, childbirth or surgery 1 month before the illness;

A thorough neurological examination often reveals evidence of other central nervous system involvement in addition to spinal cord symptoms and signs;

cerebrospinal fluid examination is positive for oligoclonal bands;

Electrophysiology and MRI can detect some subclinical lesions in the brain; MRI reveals abnormal signals of white matter in the brain. Some myelittic demyelinating lesions present:"Pseudoneoplasia"Manifestations, the MRI shows a mild mass effect, mild edema around it, and there may be patchy hemorrhagic signals, which can easily be misdiagnosed as spinal cord tumors. At present, the effect of internal medicine drugs** is not good.

Therefore, neurosurgical intervention is inevitable and necessary.

Demyelinating myelitis is usually acute multiple sclerosis (MS) spinal type, and the clinical presentation is similar to that of postinfectious myelitis, but the progression is slow, and the disease usually peaks within 1 to 3 weeks. The prodromal infection may be subtle, usually incomplete transverse lesions, with weakness or paralysis of one or both lower extremities, with numbness, the level of sensory impairment is inconspicuous or two-plane, and urinary and fecal disorders are present. Evoked potentials and MRI may reveal lesions elsewhere in the CNS.

Demyelinating disorders include central nervous system demyelination and peripheral nerve demyelination. Demyelination of the central nervous system refers to diseases characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath of the brain and spinal cord.

There are two categories: hereditary and acquired: hereditary is mainly caused by genetic factors, such as leukodystrophy and other related diseases, and patients will have intellectual disability, seizures, limb weakness and other changes.

Acquired demyelinating disease usually refers to immune-mediated disease, such as multiple sclerosis. Peripheral nerve demyelination diseases mainly refer to Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Dehydration is a disease caused by overwork, just like the demyelination of the hand, which is caused by the frequent exercise of the hand.

This is actually a disease in neurology, you must go to the neurology department, and the doctor is no problem.

What kind of disease is it, no matter what kind of disease it is, if you are sick, or hurry to the hospital to take a look, you can go to the lobby to ask the guide, which department to see, and then check **.

In fact, it can only be said that your body's low immunity is the cause of these diseases.

If you say that laughter is a disease, if you say what disease, this disease should be the one who laughs, and if he should say it, you can watch the next song.

Demyelination refers to the myelin sheath damage that occurs after the formation of myelin, which is mainly characterized by the loss of nerve myelin, and the relative involvement of neuronal cell bodies and axons is less than a group of diseases, the common symptoms of this disease are limb weakness, paresthesia, vision loss, nystagmus, consciousness disorders, etc., so it is still necessary to go to the hospital to do a blood routine, CT, electroencephalogram and other types of hidden examinations, you can use drugs, such as methylprednisolone, etc., to consume high-protein, high-vitamin, easy-to-digest food.

The classic concept of demyelinating disease is that neurological lesions result in myelin destruction, disintegration, and loss of nerve fibers.

Demyelinating lesions refer to the loss of the maintenance of the nerve by the Schwann somatic cells on the surface of the sympathetic nerve, just like the plastic skin of the cable falling off, and cannot play the role of maintenance and insulation. It is usually caused by ischemic or inflamed nerves or by autoimmune diseases.

Myelin sheath is a structure wrapped around the axon of neurons, and its main function is nerve conduction, and demyelination refers to the loss of myelin sheath caused by various reasons. Inflammatory demyelination and ischemic demyelination are more common. Inflammatory demyelination is more common in various types of autoimmune inflammation, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, acute penetrating myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and limbic encephalitis due to paraneoplastic syndromes.

Ischemic demyelination is more common in elderly patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease, and generally has no obvious clinical symptoms, and severe cases may have dizziness and memory loss. Less commonly, metabolic and dystrophic demyelination, such as Wernicke's encephalopathy, leukodystrophy, and pontine myelinolysis.

In addition to ischemia, demyelinating disease** can also be caused by inflammation. Inflammatory demyelination is a large group of clinical diseases, and it is divided into two main parts:

1. The central nervous system, including the demyelination of the brain and spinal cord.

2. Peripheral nerves, the nerves emitted by the brain and spinal cord are called peripheral nerves, and this peripheral nerve also has myelin cavities, and the loss of myelin is called peripheral nerve demyelination. Most of them are related to inflammation, metabolic diabetes or certain diseases and metabolic disorders, as well as autoimmune reactions, trauma, poisoning, etc., which can be caused.

There is no more definitive answer to the ** of demyelination until now, according to years of research and observational observation, there are the following aspects that can be referred to, which are clinical observations and some statistics as a reference. The first aspect is to take into account the genetic factor, from the current epidemic and clinical statistics of the disease, it is more common in European and American whites, which may have certain factors related to race, race, and genetics. The second aspect is the factor of human geography.

From clinical observations, the incidence is higher in cold regions, while the incidence is lower in tropical areas such as Africa. The third aspect is the presence of viral infections, and various viral infections have been followed by demyelinating changes, but the cause of viral infections is only one aspect, and more precise studies need to be further observed. Therefore, at present, the demyelinating lesions have these three aspects to be considered, and further research is needed in the future.

Beijing Deshengmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Liu Quanpeng - Department of Impotence - Deputy Chief Physician - What is the ** and pathogenesis of demyelinating lesions.