How to diagnose tuberculosis and how to diagnose tuberculosis

Sputum smear staining for acid-fast bacilli or sputum cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculin positive.

Low-grade fever in the afternoon, night sweats, fatigue.

1. Examination of sputum tuberculosis bacteria:

1) Sputum smear examination. The sputum tuberculosis bacteria test is simple and easy, and the accuracy is high, and the tuberculosis bacteria can be detected in the sputum, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis can be confirmed. Generally, three sputum specimens are examined at the initial visit, i.e., nocturnal sputum, early morning sputum, and immediate sputum.

It is a diagnosis of tuberculosis though"Gold indicator", but the low positivity rate is a fly in the ointment.

2) Sputum tuberculosis culture, the results are highly reliable, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test of tuberculosis bacteria can be done, but it takes 6-8 weeks, and the application is limited.

2. Chest examination can not only detect tuberculosis early, but also determine the location, nature and scope of the lesion, understand the incidence and use it to judge the effect, and it is convenient to carry out and patients are willing to accept it. Chest CT can detect small or hidden lesions, which can compensate for the lack of general examination.

3. Immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis:

1. The commonly used tuberculin pure protein derivative (PPD) test, which is one of the evidence of tuberculosis infection.

2. Positive tuberculosis antibody test in blood and sputum is also helpful for diagnosis.

3. Patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis may have abnormal endocrine examination.

4. The metabolites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be isolated in two weeks, but the amount of bacteria can affect the number of days of positive results.

5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has poor specificity, and the advantage is that the sensitivity can reach 98% 100%.

4. Other examinations.

1. Fiber bronchoscopy: it can directly observe or indirectly judge bronchial and pulmonary lesions, and has the functions of biopsy, lavage, video, and endotracheal shooting, which is particularly useful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

2. Thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy: both can be used to observe the enlarged lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity and mediastinum, and can be taken out for biopsy to facilitate diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

3. Ultrasound examination: mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.

All of the above can be used to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and I hope it will be helpful to you.

Analysis: Hello! Some people who have tuberculosis do not have obvious symptoms of discomfort due to the mild form of the disease, but are only discovered incidentally during a routine physical examination.

You were found to have tuberculosis during your marriage check-up, and you are not usually unwell except for the occasional low-grade fever in the afternoon. Consider the condition to be mild. However, if tuberculosis is confirmed, regularization of antituberculosis** is also required.

1. If you have further examination in Shanghai, it is recommended that you go to the tuberculosis hospital in Shanghai to take X-ray chest X-ray, check sputum, do PPD test, check blood sedimentation rate and other confirmed diagnosis. If tuberculosis is diagnosed, chest x-ray and sputum examination are free of charge. 2. According to the relevant regulations of the national tuberculosis prevention and control, those who are diagnosed with active tuberculosis and have normal liver and kidney function can enjoy the anti-tuberculosis drugs provided by the state free of charge**.

However, you will need to be at a specialist tuberculosis hospital in your place of residence to be free of charge**. 3. At present, the diagnosis of tuberculosis is not too difficult, and the course of tuberculosis treatment takes at least 6 months, so it is recommended that you go to the nearest local tuberculosis specialist hospital for examination and **. It's best to wait until you get married.

Wishing you good health!

1. The common symptoms of tuberculosis are: cough and sputum; Hemoptysis; About 1 3 1 2 patients have hemoptysis, the amount of hemoptysis varies, most patients have a small amount of hemoptysis, and a few have a large amount of hemoptysis. Generally, blood in sputum is mainly caused by telangiectasia of inflammatory lesions; Moderate hemoptysis is associated with small vessel injury or rupture of hemangioma from cavitation, chest pain; Chest pain may manifest when the pleura is involved, which is pleural and usually not severe, stabbing and worsening with respiratory movements and coughing.

Dyspnea. Diagnosis is by chest x-ray, and sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis examination is the mainstay of diagnosis. After being diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, it is necessary to follow the principles of early, regular, whole-course, appropriate amount, and combination in accordance with the regular anti-tuberculosis **, and must not stop the drug or change the ** regimen by yourself, otherwise it is easy to lead to the spread of tuberculosis bacteria.

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis mainly relies on chest imaging, sputum tuberculosis examination, and combined with clinical manifestations, PPD test, molecular biology detection, and pathological detection. Chest imaging, especially high-resolution CT of the lungs, can provide subtle visualization of lung lesions. Sputum tuberculosis testing is a good method, which is simple, fast and accurate.

The PPD test is only meaningful for tuberculosis infection, but it is uncertain for tuberculosis or tuberculosis. Pathological examination can improve the diagnosis rate of tuberculosis and reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of tuberculosis.