An introduction to the current situation of fuel cells, what is the concept of fuel cells

A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydroelectric power, thermal power generation and atomic power generation. Because the fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy part of the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, it is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so it has high efficiency; In addition, fuel and oxygen are used in fuel cells as both mechanical transmission parts, so there are no noise raw materials, and very few harmful gases are emitted. Acoustic pollution.

It can be seen that from the perspective of energy conservation and ecological environment protection, fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology. (Fujian Yanan Group is a leading provider of clean energy solutions and an enterprise dedicated to the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells.) Ya Xiaonan answers 4000-080-999).

The fuel cell is an energy conversion device, which is based on the electrochemical principle, that is, the working principle of the galvanic battery, isothermal direct conversion of the chemical energy stored in the fuel and oxidizer into electrical energy, so the actual process is redox reaction. A fuel cell is mainly composed of four parts, namely the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and the external circuit. Fuel gas and oxidation gas are fed through the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively.

The fuel gas emits electrons on the anode, and the electrons are conducted to the cathode through an external circuit and combine with the oxidation gas to form ions. Under the action of an electric field, ions migrate to the anode through the electrolyte and react with the fuel gas to form a circuit and generate an electric current. At the same time, due to the electrochemical reaction itself and the internal resistance of the battery, the fuel cell will also generate a certain amount of heat.

In addition to conducting electrons, the cathode and anode of the battery also act as catalysts for redox reactions. When the fuel is hydrocarbon, the anode requires higher catalytic activity. The cathode and anode are usually porous in structure to facilitate the passage of reaction gases and the discharge of products.

The electrolyte plays the role of transferring ions and separating fuel gas and oxidation gas. In order to prevent the mixing of two gases from causing a short circuit in the battery, the electrolyte is usually a dense structure.

——Analysis of the development status of China's fuel cell vehicle industry in 2023 In recent years, the output of fuel cell vehicles has fluctuated greatly [**].

Major listed companies in the industry:BYD (002594); SAIC Motor (600104); Weichai Power (000338) and so on.

fuel cell steam difference or vehicle production; sales of fuel cell vehicles; Sales structure of fuel cell vehicles.

In recent years, the production of fuel cell vehicles has fluctuated greatly

In recent years, the state has introduced relevant policies to support the development of fuel cell vehicles, but the market development is still relatively slow due to the current technical level and high purchase costs. Statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers show that from 2015 to 2022, China's fuel cell vehicle production fluctuated, and in 2021, it exceeded 1,700 units, an increase of 49% year-on-year. In the first three quarters of 2022, China's fuel cell vehicle production continued to rebound, exceeding 2,300 units.

From the perspective of the proportion of fuel cell vehicles in China's total output of new energy vehicles, it has continued to remain below from 2017 to 2022, and has further declined in recent years, reflecting that the current development of domestic fuel cell vehicles is still in its infancy.

In the past two years, the production and sales rate of fuel cell vehicles has declined

In terms of sales scale, China's fuel cell vehicle sales will exceed 1,500 in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 35%. Entering 2022, the sales of fuel cell vehicles have further increased, and from January to September 2022, the sales of fuel cell vehicles in China exceeded 2,000 units.

From the perspective of the national hydrogen fuel cell vehicle production and sales rate (that is, the sales volume and the amount of the first celebration of the burial), the overall trend of fluctuation from 2017 to 2021 is to remain between 82% and 100%, showing a state of oversupply, and has declined in recent years, and the capacity utilization rate in the first three quarters of 2022 is about 87%.

Fuel cell vehicle sales are mainly commercial vehicles

Compared with pure electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of low greenhouse gas emissions, short fuel refueling time, high cruising range, etc., and are more suitable for medium and long-distance or heavy-duty transportation.

From the perspective of sales of different types of fuel cell vehicles, in 2021, China's fuel cell vehicle sales will be dominated by commercial models such as buses and special vehicles, accounting for more than 40%, while passenger cars will account for only 1%.

Fuel cell vehicle is a new type of green energy vehicle, which can effectively reduce the dependence on petroleum resources and reduce environmental pollution, and has broad market application prospects. The research significance of the development status of fuel cell vehicles is as follows:

1.Promote the development of the fuel cell vehicle industry. Studying the development status of fuel cell vehicles can help enterprises understand market demand, optimize R&D directions, and promote the development of fuel cell vehicle industry.

2.Promote the adjustment of energy structure. Traditional fuel vehicles have the shortcomings of high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution, while the popularization and application of celery fuel cell vehicles can effectively reduce the consumption of traditional petroleum resources, promote the adjustment of energy structure, and achieve sustainable development.

3.Reduce environmental pollution. Fuel cell vehicles use clean energy such as hydrogen fuel and buried electric energy, which reduces the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide compared with traditional fuel vehicles, which can reduce environmental pollution and improve air quality.

4.To give people a better understanding of fuel cell vehicle technology. Studying the development status of fuel cell vehicles can give people a better understanding of the technical characteristics of fuel cell vehicles, help people understand this new type of green energy vehicles more comprehensively, increase people's confidence and recognition, and promote its wider application.

In summary, studying the development status of fuel cell vehicles is conducive to promoting their industrial development and market scale expansion, promoting the adjustment of energy structure, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting the development of clean energy, so as to contribute to the realization of sustainable development.