What principles should be followed in the fire protection design of buildings

The fire protection design of buildings must follow the relevant guidelines and policies of the state; It is necessary to implement the elimination of "prevention first, prevention and elimination combined".

The policy of prevention work, starting from the overall situation, taking into account the overall situation, correctly handling the relationship between production and safety, key points and general, adopting effective advanced fire prevention technology, preventing and reducing fire hazards, so as to achieve safety and application, economic and reasonable. Especially for high-rise buildings.

The fire protection design of the building should be based on its fire characteristics, and reliable and effective fire prevention measures should be actively taken to ensure fire safety.

Generally speaking, the following three principles are mainly considered in the fire protection design of buildings:

1.It is designed to minimize the fire hazard in the building.

2.The fastest way to understand and grasp the fire situation, the most timely to rely on fixed fire protection facilities.

Automatic fire extinguishing. 3.Guarantee the structure of the building.

It has a specified fire resistance strength, so as to facilitate the occupants in the building to effectively and safely evacuate within the corresponding time.

The basic basis and procedures of building fire protection design.

The basic basis for fire protection design of buildings is the nature and type of building and the provisions of relevant codes, regulations (or documents). Rules.

The location and layout of the buildings involved, and the fire resistance rating of the buildings.

The nature of use and the requirements of internal fire protection facilities are specified one by one. In short, the design time corresponds to the indicators (or parameters) in the code according to the specific condition of the building being designed

and related requirements can be reasonably selected.

Fire protection design is a special design, is one of the main contents of architectural design, its working procedures are divided into three stages, namely schematic design, preliminary design.

and construction drawing design. And at each stage, it is necessary to cooperate closely with the fire and relevant departments, in accordance with the appropriate.

The relevant regulations and documents of the local fire department are required to carry out the design. Textual descriptions and drawings of the specific fire protection design should be included in the design documents, and at each stage (including design changes).

It must have the approval opinion of the fire department and follow the implementation.

Architecture, interior, decoration refers to the interior materials or material combination of walls, ceilings, and floors exposed to the indoor space surface, and there are many kinds of materials in decoration, such as textile wall coverings, plastic wallpapers, gypsum boards, calcium plastic boards, etc. The materials are beautiful, sound-absorbing, and thermally insulated.

Most of the architectural objects that decorate are high-class hotels, restaurants, exhibition halls, theaters or special departments that use precious equipment. Most of them are places where people are concentrated. In the event of a fire, it can cause serious economic losses and personnel**.

Therefore, it is of great significance to do a good job of fire prevention, decoration, and interior to avoid and reduce fire hazards.

Fire protection design principles and contents:

In general, decorative, indoor, room has good sealing properties. When the room is in the stage of fire development, the whole room is filled with smoke, and the temperature is generally 500-600. Such a high temperature is enough to cause an instantaneous flashover of indoors, combustible decorative materials, accelerate the burning rate, and lead to the spread of disasters.

Moreover, due to the low thermal conductivity and small heat capacity of most of the materials used in decoration, indoors, and fire, the surface temperature rises rapidly, and more gas people escape, resulting in a large fire. In addition, the fire in the room has been renovated, which will produce a large amount of smoke and toxic gases, and it will burn for a long time, causing serious personnel ** and losses.

The main factors affecting the spread of decorative, indoor and building fires are: decoration, whether the bottom foundation of the interior is combustible, if it is on the base of the combustible bottom, the fire danger and hazard will be much greater; Decoration, whether the adhesive in the room is resistant to high temperatures, decoration, whether the power supply, wires and equipment in the room meet the relevant safety requirements.

In order to really do a good job in architecture, interior, decoration and fire prevention, in addition to strict technical requirements, it is necessary to fundamentally strengthen management, plug loopholes, and further strengthen control through a variety of ways and channels, so as to form a situation in which relevant functional departments and units work together and work together.

Decoration design department to strictly implement the implementation of safety regulations, for larger projects, before going to construction, drawings, design, to do a good job of program demonstration, absorb the participation of the fire department, but the fire protection in the public security supervision departments to perform their duties, strict control of the drawings in the review, construction inspection, acceptance of the completion.

For construction and decoration, supervision and inspection should be carried out regularly, and problems found should be corrected in time. After the decoration is completed, the fire department will actively cooperate with the relevant departments to accept and conduct a comprehensive inspection, refuse to sign and release the unqualified projects, and then improve the interior, decoration and decoration management mechanism as soon as possible.

Establish a serious and solid quality management of the decoration industry, supervise the unit, design and establish a quality monitoring system, improve the quality of design, put an end to design, chaos, and vigorously strengthen the supervision of management in decoration, materials, production, sales, use and other links. Resolutely prevent counterfeit and shoddy products from entering the decoration market.

1. What are the lighting design principles of interior design drawings? The relationship between global lighting and local lighting.

People are accustomed to having a "main lamp" for general lighting in a room, and most of them are installed in the center of the room with chandeliers or ceiling lamps. In addition, wall lamps, table lamps, floor lamps, etc. are set up as "auxiliary lights" as needed for local lighting or auxiliary lighting. The so-called "main light" and "auxiliary light" are relative, and under certain conditions, the function will also be replaced.

2. What are the lighting design principles of interior design drawings? Principles of interior lighting style layout.

Lighting design principles of interior design drawings - people determine the style of lighting differently due to the level of education, hobbies, age and occupation. Therefore, the lighting should be based on reality and according to personal preferences in order to obtain a specific style and effect of lighting.

Interior design drawing of lighting design principles - different occupations of lighting requirements: engaged in mental work, generally love quiet, like to read, design drawing, research information, etc., they need to diversify the lighting settings, table lamps are easy to work, floor lamps help reading, bedside lamps are used to read newspaper information.

Lighting design principles of interior design drawings - the elderly: the elderly have simple living habits, love quiet, and the color and shape of the lamps and lanterns used should set off the elegant and generous demeanor of the elderly. The main lamp can be combined with a unit palace lamp, a chandelier or a ceiling lamp.

In order to facilitate the elderly to get up at night, a low-light ever-bright lamp can be set at the bedside.

Lighting design principles of interior design drawings - middle-aged people: middle-aged people are the leaders of the family, but also the pillars of the career, the decoration modeling, the color strives to be simple and bright. The cloth lamp should not only reflect the personality, but also reflect the style of the subject, such as using a spiral arm table lamp or floor lamp to facilitate study and work.

Young people: Young people should highlight the new, strange and special lighting. The main light should show personality, be creative in shape, and have bright colors. The wall lamp requires love as the theme in terms of modeling, and the light source requires warmth and romance (especially for girls).

Interior design drawing of lighting design principles - children: children's lighting is best unpredictable, highlighting a strange, increase children's imagination, conducive to intellectual development. The lighting shape and color should not only reflect the childlike interest, but also be conducive to the healthy growth of children.

The main lamp strives to be concise and bright, you can use a simple chandelier or ceiling lamp, the light on the desktop to do homework should be bright, you can use an animal-shaped table lamp, but pay attention to ensure the illumination, because children are curious and active, so the lighting is absolutely safe and reliable.

3. Lighting design principles of interior design drawings - the practicality and decoration of lighting.

The practicability of the lamp: it can ensure the light used for indoor lighting, ensure the hygiene of the light, protect the eyes, protect the eyesight, the light color has no abnormal psychological or physiological reaction, the lamps are firm, and the line safety switch is flexible. In a sense, the decoration of lamps and lanterns is also practical, otherwise, there is no way to talk about decorative problems.

The division of building fire resistance grade is one of the most basic measures in building fire protection technical measures, and China's building design code Zi family divides the fire resistance grade of buildings into.

First, second, third and fourth grades, the first level is the highest, and the fire resistance is the strongest; The fourth grade is the lowest, and the fire resistance is the weakest. The fire resistance rating of a building depends on the combustion performance and fire resistance limit of the building components that make up the building.

The so-called building components refer to a series of basic components such as walls, foundations, beams, columns, floors, stairs, and ceilings of buildings.

The purpose of the fire-resistant design of the building is to prevent the building from collapsing and spreading in the event of a fire, to ensure the evacuation safety of people with defects, and to minimize the loss of property. The fire hazard of buildings with different functions, different degrees of importance, and different floors is different, so they should be treated differently in design.

What is the specific content of the building fire protection design requirements, the following Zhongda Consulting will answer for you.

1. The firewall should not be located at the inner corner of high-rise buildings such as U and L-shaped. When located near the corner, the horizontal distance between the nearest edge of the door, window and opening on the wall on both sides of the inner corner should not be less than; When a fixed Class B fireproof window is installed on one side of the adjacent side, the distance can be unlimited.

2. The horizontal distance between the nearest edge of the door, window and hole on both sides of the firewall should not be less than; When the horizontal spacing is less, fixed Class B fire doors and windows should be set. Doors, windows, and openings should not be opened on the firewall, and when they must be opened, Class A fireproof doors and windows that can be closed by themselves should be set up.

3. It is strictly forbidden to pass through the firewall for pipelines transporting combustible gas and Class A, B and C liquids. Other pipes should not pass through the firewall, and when they must be crossed, the voids around them should be filled with non-combustible materials. The insulation material of the pipe passing through the firewall should be made of non-combustible material.

4. When the pipeline passes through the partition wall and floor, the gap around it should be filled with non-combustible materials. The partition wall in a high-rise building should be built to the bottom of the beam slab and should not leave gaps.

5. The equipment room, ventilation and air-conditioning room of the automatic fire extinguishing system located in the high-rise building shall be separated from other parts by partition walls with fire resistance limits not lower than the fire resistance limit.

6. For high-rise buildings with a building height of no more than 100m, the cable wells and pipeline wells should be separated by non-combustible bodies equivalent to the fire resistance limit of the floor slabs every 2 or 3 floors. The voids of cable wells, pipe wells and rooms, walkways, etc., should be filled with non-combustible front materials. The wall of the well shall be a non-combustible body with a fire resistance limit not lower than that; The inspection door on the wall of the well should be a Class C fire door.

7. The garbage chute should be set up against the outer wall, and should not be located in the stairwell. The exhaust vent of the garbage chute should be opened directly to the outside. The garbage hopper should be located in the front room of the garbage channel, and the front room should be equipped with a fire door of the grade C silver Ming.

8. The fire doors of walkways, stairwells and front rooms used for evacuation should have the function of self-closing. Double and multi-leaf fire doors should also have the function of sequential closing. Normally open fire doors, when a fire occurs, should have the function of self-closing and signal feedback.

9. The fire shutter located on the evacuation walkway should be equipped with opening and closing devices on both sides of the roller shutter, and should have the functions of automatic, manual and mechanical control.

The full text of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB 50016-2014 (2018 Revised Edition) is hereby approved for the partial revision of the national standard "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50016-2014, which will be implemented from October 1, 2018.

This specification is based on the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's Notice on Printing and Distributing the 2007 Engineering Construction Standards and Specifications Formulation and Revision Plan (First Batch) (Jianbiao No. 125).

Introduction

This code is divided into 12 chapters and 3 appendices, the main contents are: the classification of fire hazards in production and storage, the classification requirements of high-rise public buildings, the classification of building fire resistance grades of industrial and civil buildings such as factories, warehouses, residential buildings and public buildings and the fire resistance limits of building components, the layout of fire partitions and fire separation, the basic requirements of building fire protection structure, fire spacing and fire protection facilities, and the basic measures and requirements for explosion protection of industrial buildings.

The basic requirements for the evacuation distance, evacuation width, evacuation staircase setting, emergency lighting and evacuation indication signs, and safety exits and evacuation doors for industrial and civil buildings; The basic requirements for fire spacing, group layout and storage capacity of Class A, B and C liquid and gas storage tanks (areas) and combustible material storage yards.

Implement the GB 50016-2014 standard, by the Ministry of Public Security.

Tianjin Fire Research Institute and Sichuan Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, in conjunction with relevant units, will be implemented from May 1, 2015.

1. The fire protection code for building design is to follow the national guidelines and policies on capital construction, implement the working policy of "prevention first, prevention and elimination combined" to the end, and deeply absorb the lessons of China's major fire accidents in recent years and summarize the theoretical achievements of relevant experience results. For example, the fire partition in the warehouse.

The quality inspection must be separated by a firewall, and cannot be replaced by other types of separation.

2. Different types of warehouses also have different requirements, and the first digging of class B, class C, class D, and class E warehouses can be selected according to the needs of use in the use of the opening part, but the loss of celery must be separated by effective measures such as firewalls, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the separation.

3. Architectural design is in the design of high-rise buildings.

, to fully consider factories, warehouses, residential buildings, public buildings.

and other building fire resistance ratings.

Design fire codes according to different buildings. The level of fire resistance is also set by classification, and the setting of fire spacing, fire protection facilities, evacuation corridors, etc. should also meet the basic requirements.