What is the 3rd cosmic velocity? What is the third velocity of the universe?

The third cosmic velocity (v3) is the minimum velocity required to launch a spacecraft from the earth's surface, fly out of the solar system, and roam the vast galaxy, which is called the third cosmic velocity. According to the theory of mechanics, the third cosmic velocity v3 = kilometers and seconds.

The minimum flight speed of taking off from the Earth out of the solar system.

Definition of the third velocity of the universe: The minimum velocity required to fly from the Earth's surface to skull into interstellar space in order to free itself from the gravitational field of the solar system, and its value is approx.

In order for an object on the surface of the earth to break free from the gravitational pull of the sun and fly into the universe beyond the solar system, its initial velocity must be greater than or equal to, that is, the third cosmic velocity. It should be noted that this is the v3 value calculated when the orbital velocity of the spacecraft is consistent with the tangential direction of the Earth's orbital velocity; If the direction is not the same, the required speed will be greater.

First cosmic velocity.

The velocity that a spacecraft must have when moving in a circle along the earth's surface is also called orbital velocity. According to the theory of mechanics, v1= can be calculated. The spacecraft is orbiting at an altitude of more than hundreds of kilometers above the surface of the ground, and the gravitational pull of the ground on the spacecraft is smaller than that on the ground, so its speed is slightly less than V1.

Second cosmic velocity.

When the spacecraft exceeds the first cosmic velocity v1 and reaches a certain value, it will break away from the earth's gravitational field and become an artificial planet orbiting the sun, which is called the second cosmic velocity, also known as the detachment velocity. According to the theory of mechanics, the second cosmic velocity v2= can be calculated. Since the Moon has not yet exceeded the range of the Earth's gravity, it is sufficient to launch a lunar spacecraft from the ground with an initial velocity of no less than that.

The third cosmic velocity is the minimum velocity required to leave the solar system, which is measured in kilometers per second!

The third cosmic velocity is also known as escape velocity, when the spacecraft that takes off from the earth flies at a speed of 1,000 kilometers, it can get rid of the shackles of the sun's gravity, break away from the solar system and enter a wider cosmic space, and the lowest flight speed that takes off from the earth and leaves the solar system is the third cosmic velocity.

First cosmic velocity (v1) The velocity at which a spacecraft must have a friendly velocity when moving in a circular motion along the Earth's surface, also known as orbiting velocity. According to the theory of mechanics, it is possible to calculate v1 km/s. The spacecraft is orbiting at an altitude of more than hundreds of kilometers above the surface of the ground, and the gravitational pull of the ground on the spacecraft is smaller than that on the ground, so its speed is slightly less than V1.

When the spacecraft exceeds the first cosmic velocity v1 and reaches a certain value, it will break away from the earth's gravitational field and become an artificial planet orbiting the sun. According to the theory of mechanics, the second cosmic velocity v2 km/s can be calculated. Since the Moon has not yet exceeded the range of the Earth's gravity, the initial velocity of a lunar spacecraft launched from the ground should not be less than one kilometer per second. Fold.

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Analysis: Cosmic velocity refers to the velocity at which an object can break free from the gravitational constraints of the earth when it reaches a velocity of kilometers and seconds (the first cosmic velocity). In the process of getting rid of the shackles of the earth, under the action of the earth's gravity, it does not fly away from the earth in a straight line, but flies in a parabola.

After breaking away from the gravitational pull of the earth, it orbits the sun under the gravitational pull of the sun. To break free from the gravitational pull of the sun and fly out of the solar system, an object must move at a speed of kilometers and seconds. It will then fly away from the Earth in a hyperbolic trajectory, and it will fly away from the Sun in a parabola relative to the Sun.

When an object reaches a speed of one kilometer per second, it can break free from the gravitational pull of the Earth. In the process of getting rid of the shackles of the earth, under the action of the earth's gravity, it does not fly away from the earth in a straight line, but flies in a parabola. After breaking away from the gravitational pull of the earth, it orbits the sun under the gravitational pull of the sun.

To escape the gravitational pull of the Sun and fly out of the solar system, an object must move at a speed of 1,000 seconds (the second cosmic velocity). It will then fly away from the Earth in a hyperbolic trajectory, and it will fly away from the Sun in a parabola relative to the Sun.

Human space activities are not just about escaping the earth. In particular, the current application spacecraft needs to fly around the Earth, that is, let the spacecraft move in a circle. We know that there must always be a force equal in magnitude to the centrifugal force and in the opposite direction acting on the spacecraft.

Here, we can take advantage of the gravitational pull of the Earth. This is because the gravitational pull of the earth on an object is exactly in the opposite direction of the centrifugal force in which the object moves in a curvilinear motion. It has been calculated that when an object moves at a speed of kilometers and seconds (orbital velocity) on the ground, the centrifugal force generated by it is equal to the gravitational pull of the Earth on it.

This velocity is known as the orbital velocity.

The speed at which the object moves in a circle around the earth is called the first cosmic velocity; The speed at which the Earth flies away from the gravitational pull of the Earth is called the second cosmic velocity.

The speed at which the sun is free from the gravitational pull of the sun and flies out of the solar system is called the third cosmic velocity. According to the law of gravitation, the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of their distance. Therefore, the distance of an object from the center of the earth is different, and its orbital velocity (first cosmic velocity) and separation velocity (second cosmic velocity) have different values.