Are mitochondria found in all living things?

Mitochondria were discovered in 1850 and named in 1898. The mitochondria are coated by two layers of membrane, the outer membrane is smooth, the inner membrane folds inward to form a crest, there is a cavity between the two membranes, and the mitochondria** are the matrix. The matrix contains all the enzymes required for the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the inner membrane has a respiratory chain enzyme system and an ATPase complex.

Mitochondria are the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP formation within cells, and there are cells"Power Plant"(power plant). In addition, mitochondria have their own DNA and genetic system, but the mitochondrial genome has a limited number of genes, so mitochondria are only semi-autonomous organelles. Ancient ** is a virus, which is a special structure formed by amoeba ectomy.

Mitochondria (mitochondrion, ** from the Greek mitos "line" + khondrion "granule", also translated as mitochondria) are organelles present in the cells of most eukaryotes (including plants, animals, fungi and protists) in cell biology. Some cells, such as the protist trypanosomes, have only one large mitochondria, but usually there are hundreds or thousands of them in a single cell. The specific number of mitochondria in a cell depends on the level of metabolism of the cell, and the more metabolic activity there is, the more mitochondria.

Mitochondria can make up to 25% of the cytoplasmic volume.

It can be regarded as a "cellular energy factory", because its main function is to convert the energy produced by the oxidation of organic matter into ATP, and the main place for aerobic respiration to produce energy.

Mitochondria have a variety of shapes, generally in the form of threads, but also in granular or ** shapes. Mitochondria are generally in diameter in m and vary greatly in length, generally up to 10 m in length, and mitochondria in human fibroblasts are longer in length, up to 40 m. Different tissues sometimes have abnormally enlarged mitochondria under different conditions, called megamitochondria

In most cells, mitochondria are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, but in some cells, the distribution of mitochondria is not uniform, and sometimes mitochondria are clustered at the edge of the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, mitochondria are often concentrated in metabolically active regions because these regions require more ATP, such as myocytes with many mitochondria in their myofibers. In addition, the base of spermatocytes, flagella, cilia, and renal tubular cells are all places where mitochondria are more distributed.

In addition to being more distributed in areas where ATP is needed, mitochondria are also more concentrated in areas with more substrates for oxidation reactions, such as fat droplets, because there are many fats to be oxidized in fat droplets.

No, none of the prokaryotic cells are there.

No. Bacteria do not have mitochondria, while fungi have mitochondria. Bacteria are prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes except for ribosomes.

Otherwise, there are no other forming organelles, that is, there are no mitochondria. Fungi are called fungi because they are eukaryotes, and eukaryotes have an intact nucleus.

and a variety of shaped organelles.

Mitochondria (mitochondrion) is an organelle coated by two membranes that is present in most cells, and is a structure in cells that makes energy, and is the main site for cells to carry out aerobic respiration, as it is called"power house"。Its diameter is around microns.

With the exception of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia basketii, and several microsporidia, most eukaryotic cells.

More or less all have mitochondria, but they each have mitochondria that vary in size, number, and appearance.

Mitochondria are important organelles in cells, which are present in most living cells, and their main function is to provide energy needed for the metabolism of various substances in the cell.

As a result, the mitochondrial membrane, the respiratory chain.

Enzymes and mitochondrial DNA

The study of the structure, function, and physicochemical properties of other components has become a matter of cell biology.

Therefore, the technology of mitochondrial extraction has become an indispensable means in mitochondrial research, and mitochondria are abundantly present in cells with vigorous metabolism.

For example, in the cells of animal myocardium, liver, kidney and other organs and tissues, a large number of mitochondria are extracted from these organs and tissues, and when the samples used are less (such as electron microscopy and light microscope observation), they can be extracted from tissue culture cells.

Plant cells have mitochondria.

The root cells of plants do not have chloroplasts.

Because the roots are buried in the ground and cannot receive light, chloroplasts cannot play a role, and are converted into mitochondria, mitochondria and ribosomes.

Yes, there must be, mitochondria provide energy to cells, and ribosomes synthesize proteins.

The plant cell is the basic unit of structure and function of plant life activities, consisting of protoplasts and cell walls.

It consists of two parts. Protoplasts are a general term for everything in the cell wall, mainly composed of the cytoplasm and nucleus.

composition, there are also several different fine erector organelles in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

In addition, there are cell fluids and post-inclusions, etc.

Plant cells are generally small, and in higher plants, they are usually 10-100 m in diameter. Plant cells come in a variety of morphologies, with the common ones being round, oval, polyhedral, cylindrical, and spindle-shaped. They are made up of protoplasts and cell walls.

Mitochondria in plant cells are the main site of aerobic respiration, and can provide respiration for various life activities of plant bodies.

More than 95% of the energy released in the organism comes from ATP produced by aerobic respiration.

The root cells of plants do not have chloroplasts, because the roots are buried in the ground at the regular stage, cannot receive light, chloroplasts can not play a role, and are converted into mitochondria, mitochondria and ribosomes must be there, mitochondria provide energy for the cell, and ribosomes synthesize proteins.

Mammalian mature red blood cells do not have mitochondria and rely on anaerobic fermentation of glucose to provide a small amount of energy.

Mitochondria (mitochondrion) is a two-layer membrane-coated organelle present in most cells, a structure that produces energy in coarse cells, and is the main place for cells to perform aerobic respiration, which is called a powerhouse. Its diameter is around 10 microns.

Mitochondria have their own genetic material and genetic system, but its Xiangzhen genome is limited in size and is a semi-autonomous organelle. In addition to providing energy to cells, mitochondria are involved in processes such as cell differentiation, cell messaging, and apoptosis, and possess the ability to regulate cell growth and cell cycle.

Animal cells mostly have mitochondria. Except for some highly specialized cells, such as mammalian mature erythrocytes, there are no organelles such as mitochondria. Mitochondria is a two-layer membrane-coated organelle present in most cells, which is the structure in the cell that produces energy and is the main site for the cell to carry out aerobic respiration.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are spherical, rod-shaped or filamentous particles of different sizes, generally 1-2 m long, which can only be distinguished by special staining under the optical microscope. In animal cells, mitochondrial size is limited by the level of cellular metabolism. Different tissues and different conditions may produce abnormally large mitochondria, called "megamitochondria".

Up to 10-20 m in pancreatic exocrine cells; The size of mitochondria in neuronal cell bodies varies greatly, and some may be up to 10 m long; The mitochondria of human fibroblasts are longer, up to 40 m. Studies have shown that the mitochondria of some plants such as tobacco can reversibly become giant mitochondria with a length of up to 80 m and form a network in the environment of low oxygen partial pressure.