What are the classifications of civilian drones? Classification of UAVs

Aerial photography. With the rapid development of civilian drones, drones are increasingly appearing in advertising, film and television, wedding records, etc. More than two-thirds of the footage of the documentary "Flying Over Shanxi" was taken by aerial photography, and many shots were taken by drones.

At the end of 2014, at the 2nd London Chinese Film Festival, "Flying Over Shanxi" won two awards: the Special Award for Best Aerial Documentary and the Best Aerial Film Award. Nearly 300 drone shooting points were planned and executed during the filming, and many close-ups were shot by drones, producing unexpected and excellent results. [7]

Power inspection. On April 9, the transmission and operation inspection office of Jinan Power Supply Company and Shandong Electric Power Research Institute carried out a drone inspection work on the four-base cross-Yellow River tower. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) patrol has the advantages of no height limitation, flexible patrol, convenient photography and comprehensive angle, which is especially suitable for the patrol of large spanning towers, making up for the shortcomings of manual patrol.

8] News reports. CNN has received a license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to test drones equipped with cameras for news reporting. As early as 2013, during the Lushan ** earthquake relief, CCTV News used a drone independently developed by Shenzhen Yidian Technology to shoot aerial photography of the disaster area**.

Drones can easily traverse places that disaster relief personnel can't reach, and while monitoring secondary disasters such as mountains and rivers, infrared imagers can also be used to search for trapped people in the air. [9]

Protecting wildlife.

Modified unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used by organizations such as Shadow Horizons, a non-profit organization based in the Netherlands, which are already in widespread use in Africa. Modified drones can also be used for anti-poaching patrols. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, a UK charity for conservation of nature**, is also increasingly using drones to protect birds and natural habitats.

Environmental monitoring. Recently, the Ministry of Environmental Protection organized 10 inspection teams to carry out special law enforcement inspections on air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas, and arranged drones to conduct flight inspections in key areas. Drones are already being used more frequently for air pollution enforcement.

Since November 2013, the environmental protection department has been using drones to directly inspect the operation of sewage discharge and desulfurization facilities in key enterprises such as steel, coking and electric power. Since 2014, many provinces have used drones to conduct law enforcement inspections on air pollution prevention and control to achieve better supervision. [11]

Express delivery. On February 6, Alibaba conducted a three-day test of drone delivery service in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, using drones to deliver boxed ginger tea to customers. These drones do not fly directly to the customer's door, but to the logistics site, where the "last mile" delivery remains the responsibility of the courier.

Abroad, Amazon has drone test centers in the United States and the United Kingdom. Last year, Amazon said it was aiming to use unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver packages to millions of customers, waiting up to half an hour for them to arrive. [12]

Provision of network services.

Back in 2014.

Aerial photography. Agricultural plant protection.

Public safety. Law enforcement.

Emergency. Oil & Gas.

Depot & Refining.

Pipeline integrity.

Exploration works. Electricity.

Planning and design. Construction acceptance.

Power grid inspection. Power generation inspection.

Special operations. Mapping.

Basic mapping. Space planning.

Engineering Surveying and Mapping. Natural Resources Survey.

1.Categorized according to different platform configurations:

UAVs can be divided into three major platforms: fixed-wing UAVs, unmanned UAVs, and multi-rotor UAVs. Other small drone platforms include parafoil drones, flapping wing drones, and unmanned spacecraft.

2.Classified according to different areas of use:

Drones can be divided into three categories: military, civilian, and consumer.

3. Classification according to the height of the task:

UAVs can be divided into ultra-low-altitude UAVs, low-altitude UAVs, and medium-altitude UAVs.

Extended information: Advantages of drones:

1.UAVs are low in cost to build and use;

Because drones are relatively small, light in weight, and low in cost, some are reduced by one-third, and some are reduced by several times; Due to its low weight and low fuel consumption, operating costs are significantly reduced compared to manned aircraft; UAVs are not only much simpler than manned machines, but also small in size and can be stored in warehouses for a long time, which greatly reduces the cost of use and maintenance.

2.The safety risk factor of the drone is small:

Because drones are remotely controlled or programmed to fly on the ground, people do not need to take off. Although the safety factor of manned aircraft is very high, there is still a small probability of organic damage and death, and drones cannot be ** due to accidents at most, and there is no personal safety risk.

There are camera aircraft, fixed-wing, traversing aircraft, military drones, and underwater drones.

UAV types are divided into national UAVs and civilian UAVs.

Civil UAV dry ruler: refers to UAVs used for civil aviation activities; Stupid.

National UAV: refers to UAVs other than civilian UAVs, including UAVs used to perform military, customs, and police flight missions at no higher level.

According to the size of the operational risk, civilian UAVs are divided into: micro, light, small, medium, and large.

Due to the diversity of drones, there will be different classification methods for different considerations:

According to the classification of flight platform configuration, UAVs can be divided into fixed-wing UAVs, rotary-wing UAVs, unmanned airships, parachute-wing UAVs, flapping wing UAVs, etc.

Classified by use, UAVs can be divided into military UAVs and civilian UAVs. Military UAVs can be divided into reconnaissance chain split UAVs, decoy UAVs, electronic countermeasure UAVs, communication relay UAVs, unmanned fighters and target aircraft; Civil UAVs can be divided into patrol surveillance UAVs, agricultural UAVs, meteorological UAVs, exploration UAVs and surveying and mapping UAVs.

Civil UAVs are divided into five levels: micro, light, small, medium, and large.

According to the classification of task height, UAVs can be divided into ultra-low-altitude UAVs, low-altitude UAVs, medium-altitude UAVs,

High-altitude drones and ultra-high-altitude drones. The mission altitude of ultra-low-altitude UAVs is generally between 0 100m, the mission altitude of low-altitude UAVs is generally between 100 1000m, the mission altitude of medium-altitude UAVs is generally between 1000 and 7000m, the mission altitude of high-altitude UAVs is generally between 7000 and 18000m, and the mission altitude of ultra-high-altitude UAVs is generally greater than 18000m.

In September 2018, the 62nd meeting of the Harmonized System Committee (HSC) of the World Customs Organization (WCO) decided to classify drones as "flying cameras". UAVs are classified according to the "flying camera", which can be supervised according to the "camera", and there is generally no special control requirement for the camera in various countries, which is very conducive to recalling China's high-tech superior products to enter the foreign civilian market.

Afraid of blowing up the machine, look for Fan Mo. ——Drone insurance, look for Fanmo Flight Insurance.

There are many categories of drones, simply put, they are divided into professional and consumer-grade, professional-grade will not say much, most of the current market are consumer-grade drones, but now on the market, whether it is DJI or other small and medium-sized businesses, the definition is basically more professional, not the real sense of consumer, mass consumer drones are not only reflected in the first, but also reflected in the functional application of the product, appearance, battery life, and the degree of difficulty of manipulating the bird; Like the drones on the market now, it can only be about fifteen to twenty minutes, and it can't fly at once, and it's so big, it's even more inconvenient to carry, who also carries a large drone out to party or something, in fact, taking pictures is mainly focused on women, and women are relatively slow to technical operations, and there is an imaging application, and the general drones on the market are basically stored in the memory card of the aircraft, In the end, you have to take it out and transfer it to the computer or mobile phone, which is more troublesome, and finally.

is the embodiment of the above. Therefore, the concept of consumer-grade drones on the market is basically a false proposition. Now there are also some consumer-level drone customization WeChat platforms like "casual pockets", if you want to consume drones below 2,000, it is also a good choice to find this kind of platform customization.

The first, second, third and fourth categories of UAVs are introduced as follows:

1. A type of non-calling stove elimination machine: also known as micro UAV, with a flight mass of less than 250 grams. Such drones are basically toys, because of the small batteries that can be carried and the limitations and knowledge of traditional remote controls, they can usually only fly over short distances.

2. Class II UAV: also known as small UAV, weighing between 250 grams and 25 kilograms. Drones in this category are designed to meet a wider range of commercial needs, including flight photography, surveillance, mapping, medical and emergency rescue, among others.

3. Three types of UAVs: also known as medium-sized UAVs, with a flight weight between 25 kg and 150 kg. This type of UAV is usually used by the ** department or military force for reconnaissance, search and strike against the enemy.

4. Four types of UAVs: also known as large UAVs, weighing more than 150 kg. This type of drone is mainly used for long-distance cargo transportation, rescue operations, military reconnaissance and other situations where it is necessary to carry a large amount of cargo or perform long missions.

Expand your knowledge – the characteristics of each category of drones

1. A class of UAVs: A class of UAVs has a very light flight mass, and the design focus is basically for entertainment or small applications. It can be easily flown and easy to maneuver, but its flight range is limited by the battery and traditional remote control.

2. Class II UAVs: Class II UAVs have a light flight weight, so their load and endurance are relatively low. However, this category of drones has higher accuracy and stronger control capabilities, making them more suitable for a range of commercial applications such as monitoring, surveying, and even ecological protection.

3. Three types of UAVs: The flight weight of the three types of UAVs is moderate, which is more suitable for long-term routes and large areas of wide area coverage. At the same time, this type of UAV is also often used by the military for radar detection, day and night reconnaissance and continuous combat and other military argument needs.

4. Four types of UAVs: Four types of UAVs have more payloads and longer endurance, and are able to carry goods or perform tasks over longer distances. It is commonly used in long-distance freight, military reconnaissance, water level monitoring and other fields.

The classification of UAVs includes use classification, configuration classification, scale classification, and radius classification.

1. According to the classification of use, it can be divided into three categories: military drones, civilian drones and consumer drones.

2. Classification of different platform configurations, UAVs mainly include fixed-wing UAVs, rotary-wing UAVs, unmanned airships, parachute-wing UAVs, flapping wing UAVs, unmanned UAVs and multi-rotor UAVs.

3. Classification by scale (civil aviation regulations): micro drones, light drones, small drones and large drones.

4. Classification according to activity radius: ultra-short-range drones, short-range drones, short-range drones, medium-range drones and long-range drones.

Characteristics of the drone

The drone should be stable and not suddenly shake, shake or tilt without warning, otherwise it will lose its balance and crash.

The movements of the drone need to be very precise. Movement may refer to distance, speed, acceleration, direction and altitude.

Drones will become lighter and lighter, so it is important to ensure ultra-low power consumption and minimize battery size. The rise of low-power technology has made drone technology popular.

Connectivity is an important factor in the rise and widespread market acceptance of drones. The drone can be controlled via a simple smartphone, remote control, or directly from the cloud. Depending on the use case, a solution for networking functions should be provided.