What are the types of stone? How to distinguish between good and bad?

There are two categories of natural stone and artificial stone for building decoration, and natural stone is the mainstay, it is a high-grade decorative material, mainly used in the project with high decorative grade requirements, artificial stone belongs to the lower grade of decorative materials, only used in the interior decoration project of medium and low grade.

Natural stone refers to a general term for materials that are mined from natural rock masses and processed into blocks or plates. There are two main types of stone used for architectural decoration: granite and marble.

The so-called marble refers to sedimentary or metamorphic carbonate rocks, including marble, dolomite, limestone, sandstone, shale and slate. For example, China's famous white marble is the dolomite produced in Fangshan, Beijing, Yunnan marble is the marble produced in Dali County, and the famous Dandong green is serpentinized silica skarn. Similarly, all kinds of magmatic rocks that are mined as stones, such as granite, andesite, diabase, oyenite, gneiss, etc., are called granite.

For example, the white granite of Baihujian in Beijing is granite, Jinan Qing is gabbro, and the black granite of Qingdao is diabase.

Artificial stone is a synthetic decorative material. According to the different binders used, it can be divided into two categories: organic artificial stone and inorganic artificial stone. According to the different production processes, it can be divided into four types: polyester artificial marble, composite artificial marble, silicate artificial marble, and sintered artificial marble.

Among the four artificial stone decorative materials, organic (polyester type) is the most commonly used, and its physical and chemical properties are also the best.

There are many types of natural stone according to the factors from which it is generated, and the most common classification is to divide stone into four categories: sandstone, slate, marble and granite.

1. Sandstone: Sandstone is sedimentary rock, the stone is coarse and loose, and it may be loose and deformed when it is damp; However, because it has a unique concave and rough texture, it is closer to the rough and natural feeling in the mountains and forests, so it is more often used in wall decoration.

2. Slate. Slate is a rock with a plate-like structure and basically no recrystallization, which is a metamorphic rock, and the original rock is argillaceous, silty or neutral tuff, which can be peeled into thin sections along the slab direction. The color of the slate varies according to the impurities it contains, and the iron-containing ones are red or yellow; carbonaceous ones are black or gray; Calcium-containing hydrochloric acid will bubble, so it is generally named and classified according to its color, such as green slate, black slate, calcareous slate, etc.

Slate can be used as a building material and decorative material, and in ancient times it was often used as tiles in areas where slate was abundant. Slate generally does not contain minerals.

3. Marble:

Marble is a carbonate metamorphic rock, which was originally a limestone from the seabed that was slowly deposited and crystallized to become limestone; When the ground shakes and changes due to high pressure and high temperature, the most significant is the enlargement and hardening of the crystals, forming the so-called marble. Due to the uneven impurities contained in its texture, and the stratum movement forms a more lively large-scale totemic change feeling, forming a natural marble pattern like a landscape. The normal service life is 150 years.

4. Granite:

Granite is a kind of igneous magmatic rock, which is due to the weathering of rocks and sand on the surface of the stratum, slowly moving to the deep trenches of the seabed, moving the earth's crust again and again, and slowly swallowing them to the center of the earth and being melted by ultra-high temperatures. Because the magma is less dense than the surrounding rocks, it is gradually pushed upwards and cooled to form new 3-D crystals (igneous rocks). Because it is a 3-D crystal, its texture is small, the pattern has a three-dimensional and crystalline feeling, and even some granite will exude a dazzling luster under the light.

Its main components are feldspar, quartz and mica, etc., and the ordinary durability is 200 years.

By name too much sandstone: granite.

Slate Marble: There is also artificial stone Artificial stone has radiation.

Stone materials include granite, sand and marble, etc., which are characterized by good compressive performance, good durability and high heat transfer. It is mostly used for the foundation of the house and the part of the foot.

As the name suggests, stone is a building material made from stone. There are natural stones, which are generally processed from natural granite and marble. Artificial stone is the secondary processing of stone waste, and some of the quality is also very good.

As a high-grade building decoration material, stone is widely used in indoor and outdoor decoration design, curtain wall decoration and public facility construction.

Due to the different parts of the decoration with natural facing stones, the type of stone used is also different. When used for the decoration of outdoor buildings, it needs to withstand long-term wind, rain and sun, granite because it does not contain carbonates, small water absorption, strong weathering resistance, it is best to use various types of granite stone; The facing stone used for the decoration of the hall floor requires its stable physical and chemical properties and high mechanical strength, and granite stone should be preferred; It is used for the decoration of wall skirts and home bedroom floors, with slightly less mechanical strength, and marble with beautiful patterns.

1 .Fire resistance.

2.Frost Resistance At minus 20 degrees Celsius, freezing occurs, and the water in the pores expands 1 10 more than the original volume, and if the rock cannot resist the force of this expansion, the phenomenon of destruction will occur.

3.Durability Stone has good durability, and structures built with stone have the possibility of permanence.

4.Compressive strength The compressive strength of stone will vary depending on factors such as mineral composition, crystal thickness, uniformity of cemented substances, load area, load action and cleavage angle. All other things being equal, dense materials with fine crystalline particles that are usually bonded to each other have high strength.

The question is annoying, stone? Artificial or natural, kind? Name? Different stones have their own characteristics.

The stone decoration is atmospheric and luxurious! (depending on what stone you use), but the cost is high.

Natural, hard, varied.

01) The brighter the surface, the harder the texture.

When we pick marble in the stone yard, we all see a large piece of stone like this.

The stone is arranged according to the color system and type, and the integrity of the texture should be considered when selecting, and the more detailed the grain is, the better the quality.

Then take a closer look at the surface gloss, the polished surface of the marble can produce a mirror-like reflection.

The brighter the mirror effect, the harder the stone, the higher the structural density, and the better the quality.

02 ) Tap the marble, the crisper the sound, the better.

You can knock on the stone with coins or other items, and the sound is crisper, indicating that the hardness is high, the internal density is also higher, and the quality of the stone is better.

If the sound is muffled, it means that the hardness is low or there are internal cracks, and the quality is poor.

03) Confirm the surface for cracks or bruises.

Marble is a natural product, and there will inevitably be defects on the surface, and some holes are acceptable, which can be repaired by polishing and filling.

However, pay special attention to whether the marble surface is cracked or bruised.

Although marble has high hardness, it is brittle, and if there are cracks, it is not easy to re-process, which also increases the difficulty of construction, and may produce larger cracks in the process, or even a whole piece of fracture.

04 ) Confirm the water absorption rate with drip ink.

Ink drops on the surface or side of the marble can detect the density structure of the stone, the higher the density, the less likely it is to absorb water, and the denser the marble texture.

In addition to testing the quality of stone through the above methods, there are also tips to pay attention to in the selection according to the different areas used, for example, marble is used on the floor, dark colors are better than light colors.

Marble itself has capillaries, pores are many, easy to get stuck in dirt, if you want to use marble to lay the ground, it is recommended that dark marble is better than light color, relatively resistant to dirt.