The cause of the hole in the ozone layer arises only over the North and South Poles

Recently, Nature** reported a surprising news: the ozone layer above the Arctic, which has always been intact, has a huge hole, which scientists have tracked and explained, let's take a look.

In 1985, a British Antarctic expedition observed a "hole" in the ozone layer over Antarctica near Antarctica. The so-called hole is not just the loss of the ozone layer in the area over Antarctica, but the concentration has been greatly reduced. At one point, the ozone hole over Antarctica was 25 million square kilometres.

Scientists at the time believed that humans used large quantities of chlorofluoroalkane chemicals (such as the refrigerants used in refrigerators at the time) to enter the stratosphere of the atmosphere, which had a destructive effect on the ozone layer, resulting in an ozone hole. To this end, in 1987, the Montreal Agreement was signed worldwide to restrict and use chlorofluoroalkanes for the protection of the ozone layer.

The ozone hole over Antarctica, which was often mentioned in the past, has rarely been mentioned in recent years. However, some time ago, I saw a piece of news about the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer, which is good news. And I finally know why people don't mention it now.

What is Ozone?

Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen. Normally, the oxygen we breathe is a molecule made up of two oxygen atoms, but ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Ozone has a peculiar smell and is pale blue in color.

If you inhale high concentrations of ozone, it is harmful to the human body, but ozone is like a protective umbrella for the safety of life on the earth. Because it can absorb ultraviolet rays that are harmful to living organisms, it protects life from ultraviolet rays.

Good news! The area of the ozone hole over Antarctica is decreasing. From 2000 to September 2017, the area of the ozone hole over Antarctica decreased by 4 million square miles.

The repair of the hole in the ozone layer illustrates the huge role that people have made in signing the Montreal Agreement. This shows that if humanity works together in solidarity, it is possible to prevent the further deterioration of the earth's environment. Scientists estimate that by 2050, the ozone hole over Antarctica could be almost recovered.

In the decades that followed, fluorocarbon emissions were well controlled, and ozone concentrations over Antarctica showed that ozone levels had gradually recovered. Due to the harmful nature of fluorocarbons, the equipment that uses these compounds has now been replaced and the compound has been abandoned. Therefore, the crisis of the ozone hole has been basically contacted, and it has not been reported around the world in recent years, but only as a routine environmental test, and the data has been circulated in a small area.

The main reason for the ozone hole over the South Pole is that the stream of particles from the solar wind concentrates on the geomagnetic poles under the action of the geomagnetic field and destroys the ozone molecules there. The use of freon as a refrigerant and other uses is also one of the reasons.

Clusters of high-energy particles in the universe have destroyed the ozone layer. Den Baker, director of the US Earth and Space Research Agency, believes that the Earth has been discovered through artificial earth satellites that every 27 days there are two and a half days when the earth is emitted by clusters of high-energy particles in the universe, and the energy of the charged particles that are fired at the earth is 200,15 million electron volts.

These charged particles shoot along the magnetic field lines to the north and south poles under the action of the earth's magnetic field, and when winter arrives in the southern hemisphere, the Antarctic continent is in the dark night, and the concentration of nitrogen and hydrogen compounds in the middle layer of the atmosphere begins to increase under the influence of charged particles.

When the early spring season of the sun appears on the Antarctic continent, nitrogen and hydrogen compounds begin to undergo chemical reactions due to the increase in temperature, and this process causes the ozone layer to be rapidly destroyed, resulting in a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Due to the stability of the total circulation of the atmosphere and the different structure of the Earth's magnetic field, the Arctic magnetic field is stronger and more uniform than the Antarctic magnetic field, so this chemical process only affects the Antarctic continent.

The ozone layer, where ozone concentrations are highest in the stratosphere, is a protective layer of the earth and absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Some scholars believe that the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer is a natural phenomenon. Further research is needed on the causes of the ozone hole.

The hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica has changed in a new way, and scientists: in 30 years it will disappear completely.

There are too many garbage things such as Douyin, volcanoes and shameless people who only recognize money, and rumors are generated. In the past eight years, there were a few extreme scientists who raised concerns, and in fact it was just an exaggeration, just like the hype of aliens in '98, attracting attention to earn traffic and converting cash.

First of all, it should be known that the main substances that destroy the ozone layer are chlorofluorocarbons, and the ozone hole refers to the thinning of the ozone layer.

The reason for the ozone hole over the South Pole of the earth is that the air over the South Pole is controlled by the polar high pressure all year round, and the air flow is in an anticyclonic motion, so that there is a deep vortex over the South Pole, and the air flow rotates clockwise along the Antarctic plateau to close the Antarctic continent. Ozone-rich air currents from the equator cannot enter the sky over Antarctica.

And the air that rises in the vortex because the air temperature falls much faster than the actual temperature in the atmosphere is distributed with altitude. In addition, the Antarctic Plateau has a high altitude and low temperature, so it forms a very low temperature environment. At an altitude of 20 kilometres where the ozone layer is located, temperatures often fall below 80 (much lower than in the Arctic).

During the rise of the air in the Antarctic vortex, a large number of ice crystal clouds will be generated, and the ice crystals in the clouds will continue to absorb chlorofluorocarbon gas, and the concentration will be higher and higher, and the chlorofluorocarbons and ozone will react chemically under the irradiation of this line, and the ozone layer will appear due to the large loss of ozone, resulting in an ozone hole.