This paper briefly describes the formation and solution of the kingdom problem in the early Western

Liu Bang believes that the county system is one of the reasons for the death of Qin, so it is no longer only the implementation of the county system, and many kings with different surnames have been divided, and later the king with different surnames has formed a separation, Liu Bang should be crowned with the same surname king, but the separatist power has not disappeared, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty reached its peak, there was a rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu, although it was finally pacified, but it did not fundamentally solve the problem, to the period of Emperor Wu, the ruler took measures, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the method of "Tui En Ling" proposed by the master father, and the method of collateral benefits, and finally completely solved the long-standing kingdom problem......

Among the measures taken by the Western Han Dynasty to solve the problem of the kingdom, the decisive role was ( ) a"Cutting the Domain".

b.Promulgation of the "Grace Decree".

c.Take back the right to appoint and dismiss officials of the kingdom.

d.Quelling the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms.

Test question analysis: Among the measures taken by the Western Han Dynasty to solve the problem of the kingdom, the decisive role was the Tui'en Decree implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which weakened the kingdom's control of the territory, thus solving the kingdom's threat to **. Therefore, the implementation of the option caused the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms; The ACD was introduced before the implementation of the Grace Decree and did not fundamentally address the issue of the Kingdom's strength.

Comments: At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the parallel system of counties and states was implemented, and then with the increase in the power of the kingdom, the control of ** became more and more stupid and weak, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the Tui En Order, strengthened the centralization of power, and weakened the power of the kingdom. Knowledge points related to this, such as the efforts to strengthen imperial power and centralize power during the Song Taizu period, also need to be grasped.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there were seven kingdoms with different surnames, such as Yan, Zhao, Chu, and Jiujiang. Gaozu defeated the kings with different surnames with the second Jian annihilation, and the white horse swore an oath: "If it is not the Liu family and the king, the world will attack it together."

At the same time, it is stipulated that no marquis shall be awarded without merit (this article was not pursued later, and the prime minister and relatives of the Han Dynasty were routinely feuded marquis).

The vassal states of the Han Dynasty "boasted (the same as" cross) states and counties, and connected dozens of cities".They are the people of the monarchy and have their own officials. The official position of the Kingdom Bridge is slightly similar to the Han Dynasty, according to the "Han Shu Hundred Officials and Ministers":

The princes and kings, the first place of the high emperor, the golden seal and green ribbon, ruled the country. There are Taifu Fu Wang, the internal history of the people, the lieutenant in charge of the military position, the prime minister in charge of the officials, and the ministers and doctors are all officials such as the Han Dynasty. "The General Dictionary and the Official Dictionary":

The Han Dynasty only placed the prime minister, and its imperial historians were all self-employed".

In the first year of filial piety, the appointment and dismissal power of the princes under the jurisdiction of the kingdom was transferred to the imperial court. Emperor Jing completely deprived the princes and kings of their administrative power over the feudal state. According to the "Hanshu Hundred Officials and Ministers":

Emperor Jing in the fifth year, so that the princes and kings were not allowed to return to the country, the Son of Heaven was the official, changed the prime minister to the prime minister, the provincial imperial history doctor, the court lieutenant, the young mansion, the Zongzheng, the doctor official, the doctor, the confessor, the Lang officials and the officials all lost their members. ”

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the appointment and dismissal power of the palace of princes and kings such as Lang Zhongling and Taifu was also collected, and the "Zuoguan Law" was promulgated, stipulating that those who served in the palace were not allowed to serve in the palace. He also implemented the "Tui En Order" to divide a number of princely states from the kingdom, and the kingdom's territory was greatly reduced. In the first year of Emperor Suihe (8 years ago), the internal history of the princes was abolished and the people were governed by each other.

At this time, there was actually no difference between the appearance and the county Taishou (the size of the kingdom's jurisdiction at this time was equivalent to a county), but the rank was really 2,000 stones, which was higher than the county Taishou. So far, the princes Wang Minxin only retained the right to collect taxes through the ** sent by the Han Dynasty for his own enjoyment.

Roots: The "parallel system of counties and states" implemented by Liu Bang in the early Han Dynasty.

Solution: Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty took advantage of the situation to seize the branches of the vassal states, and the border counties were owned by the imperial court, and at the same time canceled the privilege of appointing officials and collecting taxes on the kingdom itself, and reduced the subordinate officials of the kingdom, and the prime minister of the kingdom was renamed the prime minister, and the prime minister also had the mission of supervising the king, stipulating that the princes and kings were not allowed to govern civil affairs, but could only "tax on food, clothing, and rent", that is, according to the amount stipulated by the imperial court, the tax of the country was collected as a salary, and the status of the kingdom was no different from that of the Han county.

The Western Han Dynasty ruled on the county system, and the understanding of the county system was divided into three stages: the first stage (Han Gaozu Liu Bang): it was believed that the direct cause of the fall of the Qin Dynasty was due to the county system, and the assignment of different people and ** to the local appointment and dismissal of the "number one" was too powerful. As a result, the situation was uncontrollable until the fall of the Qin Dynasty.

Therefore, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, thought that only by adopting the method of dividing the feudal system for his Liu clan brothers and appointing and dismissing the local "number one" would there be no rebellion from all sides, because everyone was relatives and relatives. There is no possibility that one's own relatives will rebel against their own family. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty determined the basic national policy of "no king unless Liu's family".

The second stage (Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty Liu Ying, Emperor Shao of the Han Dynasty Liu Hong, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty Liu Heng): Due to the Han Gaozu Liu Bang stage of the great sealing of the Liu clan, the Han Dynasty at this time has been recognized. Although they are all nominally the clansmen of the Liu clan of the Han Dynasty, the relationship between the various Liu clansmen between various places and ** has become very distant due to the change of years, and the blood relationship has also become very diluted.

It has created a situation where "local governments are independent" and it is difficult to be effectively controlled. It also officially allowed the Han Dynasty to re-understand the county system.

The third stage (Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty): The "Huainan King Rebellion" at the beginning of his reign made the Han Dynasty in the era of Emperor Wu at this time truly understand the benefits of the county system, and at the same time, the Han Dynasty began to officially take the first step to end the feudal system and the policy "Tui En Ling". In this way, "the son divides the land of Laozi", "the grandson divides the land of the son", and "the great-grandson divides the land of the grandson", and in the end, the land of the princes is getting smaller and smaller, the big princes are gone, and the small princes are as many as cows.

If there are many people like this, their hearts will be uneven. It caused a chaotic situation in which "the son rebelled against Lao Tzu" and "the grandson rebelled against the son" in order to divide the land. At this time, the ** regime is not threatened.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the method of "cutting", the driver looked for a reason, looked for the crime of the small princes, and then took the land back to the control and jurisdiction of the ** regime.

This is a continuation of the feudal history of the Warring States. When Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Zhou Yafu pacified the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and the separatist power was greatly reduced, and Emperor Wu continued to reduce the separatist power of the kingdom and centralize power, and the problem was solved.

I think it was the legitimacy of the Liu dynasty, Liu Bang was the first civilian emperor in Chinese history, so when the Han Dynasty was first established, there were often rebellions, which is why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty later deposed the hundred schools and respected Confucianism alone. Because Dong Zhongshu's heavenly authority was most in line with the needs of the Han rule, it legitimized the Liu dynasty.

Resumption of production.

The reason is that the economy of the Han Dynasty, which experienced war, was sluggish in the early years, and the country needed financial support for consolidating political power, strengthening national construction, and becoming independent from the outside world.

Therefore, following the example of Huang Lao's doctrine, the policy of recuperation and recuperation was implemented

The Western Han Dynasty was established by inheriting the Qin Dynasty, and at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, most of the political and economic systems were either changed according to the standards of the Qin Dynasty or learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty

First used the Tui En Order to cut the fan, provoked the King of Wu, and caused the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms to be resolved through war.

What does it mean please, the question of succession to the throne, the question of dynastic territory, the question of dynastic rebellion?Or is it a question of territorial invasion by foreign dynasties?