The floor slab of the spatial force transmission system is not deformed, but only moved

Brick-concrete structure and frame structure are two completely different structural forms, you can use PKPM modeling, but do not understand the difference between brick-concrete structure and frame structure, indicating that you still have no introduction to the concept of structure, it is recommended not to engage in design alone, it is advisable to ask someone to review the construction drawings. The brick-concrete structure is load-bearing by masonry, and its foundation type is usually a strip foundation (brickwork, rubble, pile strips, etc.), cast-in-place slabs or prefabricated brick walls that have been constructed, and the pure brick-concrete structure is usually without concrete structural columns, but there are beams, and the beams are usually set up for separating rooms, but if they are not pure brick-concrete, some also have local single frames, which can be built according to the frame class; The frame structure is completely different, the concrete column and floor slab are constructed first, and then the wall is constructed after completion, and the wall at this time is all self-supporting walls, unlike the brick structure, the wall is to bear the load from the floor slabs above. The frame structure consists of cast-in-place concrete beams and columns to form a frame.

In PKPM construction, the input of these two structures is also completely different, when PKPM designs the frame, the wall is input in the form of external loads, the wall must not be entered in the form of a model, and the brick-concrete structure is only input into the wall, and then use the opening function to form the door and window openings, design lintels, the wall material must be defined as masonry material, usually its default is a concrete wall, special attention should be paid. This is the difference in the model, the difference in the structural design is even greater, the calculation method is completely different, and the details can refer to the corresponding specifications and procedures.

The brick-concrete structure is mainly load-bearing by the load-bearing wall and bears the load.

The load-bearing of the frame structure mainly relies on beams and columns to bear the load.

Brick-concrete structure is a kind of hybrid structure, which is a hybrid structural system composed of reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs and other components. The load-bearing components of brick and concrete are mainly walls (although there are structural columns and ring beams, but their function is to strengthen the integrity, not load-bearing), and the force transmission mode is that the floor slab transmits force to the wall, and the wall transmits to the foundation in the form of line load. It is suitable for buildings with small studio depth, small room area, multi-storey or low-rise buildings.

The frame structure is mainly a frame column, the frame beam is load-bearing, and the force transmission mode is: the load acts on the floor slab, and the floor transmits force to the beam, because the beam rests on the column, so the force is transmitted to the column, and the column is then transmitted to the foundation, which is like this, and the wall only plays the role of separation and enclosure. It is suitable for buildings with large rooms and free room shapes, and the cost is higher than that of brick and concrete.

The most essential difference is that the load-bearing components are different, the main load-bearing components of brick-concrete are walls, and the main load-bearing components of the frame are columns and beams.

In comparison with each other, the frame structure is better than the brick-concrete structure in terms of seismic resistance, stability, toughness of the house, etc., in the earthquake-proof, the stiffness and strength of the frame structure system are relatively good, it is a flexible structure, and the masonry self-weight in the brick-concrete structure, so that the masonry structure bears the first force is also relatively increased, and it is composed of brittle materials, the tensile and shear strength is poor, the ductility is poor, the deformation resistance is small, the quality of the masonry structure construction is difficult to control, it is easy to cause damage to the structure, it is a rigid structure, There are also a lot of restrictions on the layout of the building.

The advantage of brick-concrete structure is that it is cheap to build and suitable for multi-storey and low-rise houses, but now in fact, many multi-storey or low-rise, including two- or three-storey villas are used in frame structure, which shows that for the load-bearing structure system of houses related to the safety of human life, the frame reflects its advantages.

The multi-high-rise building structure should have the necessary stiffness, and there are two purposes to limit the interstory displacement of the building structure under normal use conditions: first, to ensure that the main structure is basically in an elastic stress state, and to avoid cracks in concrete walls or columns for reinforced concrete structures; The number and width of cracks in concrete beams and other floor components are limited to the allowable range of the code. Second, ensure the integrity of non-structural components such as infill walls, partition walls and curtain walls to avoid obvious damage.

Therefore, Article 1 of the High Specification stipulates the limit of the ratio of the maximum displacement between floors to the floor height calculated by the elastic method.

Building structures are divided into concrete structures, steel structures, masonry structures, and timber structures according to the materials used.

1. Concrete structure: Compared with the structure of other materials, the concrete structure has good integrity and can be poured into a whole; It has good modularity and can be poured into structures of various shapes and sizes; Good durability and fire resistance; The project cost and maintenance cost are low. However, concrete structures are prone to cracks; The self-weight of the structure is larger than that of steel and wood structures; Outdoor construction is limited by climate and season; The old and new concrete are not easy to connect, which increases the difficulty of reinforcement and repair.

2. Steel structure: the steel structure is lightweight, the reliability of the work is high, the vibration resistance (earthquake) and impact resistance of the steel are good, the industrialization degree of steel structure manufacturing is high, the steel structure can be assembled accurately and quickly, the indoor space is large, it is easy to make a sealed structure, it is easy to corrode, the fire resistance is poor, it can be used and the construction period is short.

Brick, stone or block masonry has good fire resistance and good durability. Masonry does not require formwork and special construction equipment, which can save wood. The masonry of the new masonry can withstand a certain load, so it can be worked continuously.

4. Wood structure: The wood structure is light in weight, and the wood components are easy to transport, assemble and disassemble, and can be used many times, so it is widely used in housing construction, and is also used for bridges and towers. The advent of modern glulam structures has expanded the scope of application of wood structures.

Wood is brittle and damaged by tension and shear, and its strength is greatly affected by natural defects such as knots, twills and cracks. But it has a certain plasticity when it is compressed and bent.

It depends on how the beams are divided. It is generally divided into:

1. According to the stress situation: frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, cylinder structure, cylinder structure, brick-concrete structure, plate and column structure.

2. According to the material: masonry structure, reinforced concrete structure, steel structure, wood structure.

3 There is also a spatial structure like a space grid structure.

Features: The force of the frame structure is relatively clear and simple, and the space of this structure is relatively large, and the force transmission is as follows: plate - beam - column - foundation.

Shear walls are basically used for high-rise (unless there is no higher treatment method for multi-layer local shear walls), he can bear horizontal wind loads in addition to vertical loads, because the stiffness of the frame is not enough for high-rise frames, and the deformation will be relatively large, so it is better to use shear wall structure to a certain extent.

The building structure generally refers to the two parts of the load-bearing structure and the envelope structure of the building.

Before the house is built, its structural type is determined according to the number of floors of its building, the cost of construction, construction, etc. Houses of various structures differ in durability, earthquake resistance, safety and space performance.

According to the different types of materials used in buildings, they can be divided into four categories: brick-wood structure, brick-concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure and steel structure.

1. Brick and wood structure.

Buildings with brick walls, brick columns, and wooden roof trusses as the main load-bearing structure, like most rural houses, temples, etc. This structure is simple to build, the materials are easy to prepare, and the cost is low.

2. Brick-concrete structure.

Buildings with brick walls or columns, reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof load-bearing components as the main load-bearing structures are currently the most widely used structural types in residential construction.

3. Reinforced concrete structure.

That is, the main load-bearing components including beams, slabs and columns are all made of reinforced concrete structure, and this type of structure is mainly used for large public buildings, industrial buildings and high-rise residential buildings.

In reinforced concrete buildings, there are frame structures, frame-shear wall structures, frame-tube structures, etc. At present, high-rise residential buildings with about 25-30 floors usually adopt a frame-shear wall structure.

4. Steel structure.

The main load-bearing components are all made of steel, which is light in weight and can build ultra-high skyscrapers; It can also be made into a large-span, high-net space, especially suitable for large public buildings.

Classified according to the structure of the building of the house.

Steel structure refers to the fact that the main load-bearing components are built with steel materials, including suspension structures.

Steel and reinforced concrete structures refer to the main load-bearing components that are built with steel and reinforced concrete.

Reinforced concrete structure refers to the fact that the main load-bearing components are constructed with reinforced concrete. It includes thin shell structures, cast-in-situ structures of large formwork, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding formwork, rising plates, etc. Mixed structure refers to the fact that the main load-bearing elements are constructed with reinforced concrete and brick and wood.

For example, the beams of a house are made of reinforced concrete and the brick walls are used as load-bearing walls, or the beams are made of wood and the columns are made of reinforced concrete.

Brick and wood structure refers to the main load-bearing components that are built with bricks and wood. For example, a house is built of wooden trusses, brick walls, and wooden columns.

Other structures refer to all houses that do not belong to the above structures. Such as bamboo structure, brick arch structure, cave and so on.

The main difference between the frame shear structure and the frame structure is that there are more shear walls, and the lateral stiffness of the frame structure is not strong, especially for high-rise or super high-rise frame structure buildings! In order to solve this problem, shear walls are used.

I think there are many brick-concrete structures that are not strong and not earthquake-resistant.

The types of damage include storms, rainwater soaking, artificial blasting, etc., which can lead to damage to the brick-concrete structure.

The types of damage to brick-concrete structures are: impact damage, weathering damage, and damage to the physical properties of the bricks (that is, service life).

The current brick-concrete structure is outdated, and it is generally only filled with drywall, which has to be used, and one side of the inside must be reinforced. Now most of them are used when using that concrete frame.

The structure of the house involves many aspects, such as the problem of foundation, the problem of load-bearing, and so on.

Chemical weathering.

Chemical weathering damage to buildings is generally due to the erosion of building materials by acids, alkalis, salts and other materials, resulting in changes in the chemical composition of building materials themselves. Common types of weathering are: oxidation, hydrolysis, hydration, dissolution, carbonation, etc.

Physical weathering. Physical weathering has dry and wet changes, temperature changes, etc. The volume of building materials is subject to physical weathering, resulting in uneven deformation of the surface of the building structure, which seriously affects the service life of the building over time.

Biological weathering. Biological weathering refers to the effects of insects, fungi, etc. The decomposition of building materials due to insect infestation, bacteria and other factors can also cause damage to the structure or components of the building.

Mixed structure houses have seismic measures, that is, structural columns and ring beams.

BTW: The intensity description of ** is described according to the degree of damage, but everyone is resistant to earthquakes, so the degree of damage is different from the original, so how to describe it.

For example, a person with a certain degree of intensity will fall, but a person with crutches will not fall; Well, if everyone has crutches, they can't describe the intensity according to their imagination, no. Unless there is no anti-seismic measures, how and how to ......

In the past, most of the houses could not be transferred.

Mixed structure houses have seismic measures, that is, structural columns and ring beams. The types of damage to houses with brick and concrete structures include that the overall structure is not strong and not earthquake-resistant.

The slow rhythm will generally go through ** and impact block damage cracking.

What are the types of damage to brick-concrete structures, and what are the types of damage to brick-concrete structures? Cylindrical. If one piece is damaged, all the shapes will be destroyed.

Generally speaking, the brick-concrete structure is a relatively strong house configuration, if he wants to be damaged, it means that the destructive power is very large, you don't have to worry about this, their walls are easy to destroy, because they are hollow bricks and the like.

Physical damage, mechanical damage. Corrosion of steel bars, etc

Generally, it depends on the specific physical object.

A brick-concrete house is better than a pure brick house.

This structure is damaged, it can be repaired, just find an old worker.

The types of damage to houses with brick and concrete structures include that the overall structure is not strong and not earthquake-resistant.

Most of the types of damage to brick-concrete structures are wobbling and cracking.

Column damage, caused by external forces such as **, steel rust and foundation is not firm, foundation settlement, etc.; Exterior wall tiles or mortar waterproofing is not done, water seepage, anti-alkali, drop exterior wall tiles, exterior wall paint discoloration, etc

The honeycomb core is a cavity mold component with reinforcing ribs made of ultra-high-strength inorganic cementing material as the main raw material, supplemented by fiber reinforcement and composite. The honeycomb core wall has reinforcing ribs that enhance impact performance and strength, and there are reinforcing ribs on the bottom plate, and there are steel bars and steel wire mesh sandwiched in the bottom plate. The honeycomb core can be made into a hollow component with excellent stress and acreage, and form a whole with reinforced concrete in the cast-in-place concrete hollow structure.

The honeycomb core can make the building have a large span and large opening, and make the building have excellent performance of light weight, heat insulation, heat preservation, sound insulation, flexible space spacing, two-way force transmission, small deflection deformation, good shear and torsion resistance, and good seismic resistance, without the need for a suspended ceiling.

Nice and professional. It's all comprehensive.

The commonly used structural systems in buildings are:

Masonry structure: The walls and columns made of mortar and block masonry are used as the main stressed components of the building. Key features:

It is easy to use local materials and is less expensive than using cement, steel and wood; It has good durability and good fire resistance; Good thermal insulation performance and good energy-saving effect; The construction is convenient and the process is simple; It has the dual functions of load-bearing and enclosure; Self-weight, low tensile, shear and bending resistance; poor seismic performance; The amount of masonry work is heavy and the production efficiency is low. It is mainly used for multi-storey residences, hotels, office buildings, teaching buildings and small and medium-sized factories with a span of less than 15m in low-intensity areas.

Frame structure: The frame composed of beams and columns bears both vertical and horizontal loads, and is suitable for many and high-rise buildings that require a large space in the ** area. Pros:

It can be used in both large and small spaces, and has good seismic performance. Disadvantages: Compared with shear walls and frame shear structures, the lateral movement stiffness is small and the horizontal displacement is large, so it is not suitable for overly high buildings.

Shear wall structure: The wall bears vertical and horizontal loads, and is suitable for small space buildings in ** area, such as residences, hotels, etc. This type of structure is usually beamless, with the floor slab supported directly on the wall.

Advantages: high bearing capacity, large stiffness, small lateral deformation, good seismic performance (if the shear wall is made into a cylindrical shape, it will become a cylinder structure).

Frame shear structure: that is, frame shear wall structure, is to add shear wall on part of the frame, integrates the advantages of frame and shear wall structure, good seismic performance, small deformation, suitable for large and small space, widely used in multi-storey and high-rise public buildings. If the shear wall is scattered (that is, an ordinary frame shear structure), 10 20-storey buildings can be built; If the shear wall is connected to make a wellbore type (then into a frame cylinder structure), the building stiffness and bearing capacity will be greatly improved, and the torsion resistance will be increased at the same time, and 30 40-storey buildings can be built.