Why doesn t the aircraft carrier use the full deck length as a runway?

If there is only one direct access deck, the parked aircraft have to be crowded into the back half of the flight deck to free up the front half of the runway for take-off. The beveled deck, also known as the oblique and straight two-section deck, is located on the left side of the aircraft deck and is at an angle of 6 13 degrees with the centerline of the bow and stern of the ship. With this angle, the landing of the aircraft can be separated from the parked aircraft and take-off operations, and the ejection and ** operations can be carried out at the same time.

In addition, the angled deck design also protects the landing area from the hot air flow from the jet flame baffle from the port side projectile, reducing the interference of air turbulence. As a rule, the beveled deck is equipped only with a barrage for aircraft landing. But a small number of aircraft carriers also have one or two catapults on the beveled deck, the purpose of which is to be used for aircraft to take off when there are no aircraft to land.

This increases the combat efficiency of aircraft carriers in wartime, doubling the frequency and rate of take-off fighters. <>

For the sake of safety, it is forbidden for aircraft to be refueled and reloaded in the lower hangar. Therefore, if it is time to attack, you need to take the plane out of the hangar first, and then refuel, reload, and then take off. The landing process, on the other hand, requires unused ammunition and fuel to be unloaded before it can be delivered to the hangar.

In order to increase the number of aircraft in one sortie, it is necessary to take off a large number of aircraft in a short period of time (otherwise the first aircraft to take off will wait too long in the air and consume too much fuel). In this way, it is necessary to put all the planes that need to be attacked on the deck before the sortie, complete the process of refueling and reloading in a unified manner, and then take off one after another in a dense manner. And when this batch of planes returns home after completing their mission, there will be such a problem when they land:

Because they all take off at a similar time, the fuel consumption will also need to land at about the same time, and the landing is also a dense process of one after another. And the plane, which did not have time to unload the ammunition and pump the fuel away after landing, had to wait on the deck. <>

When the aircraft carrier first appeared, it was basically a through deck on the mothership, when the carrier-based aircraft took off, the rear deck was full of fighters full of fuel and ammunition, and the fighters took off from the through deck through the front splint in turn, and when the carrier-based aircraft returned, it was landed from the rear deck, and the early cherry blossoms were arranged backwards from the front deck. On the other hand, when the carrier-based aircraft is the first and the enemy's bombers are just rushing over, it is simply too late to organize fighters to take off and intercept them, and the aircraft carrier will also be in great danger.

If the take-off point of the carrier-based aircraft is placed in the stern of the ship, the landing fighters will be greatly affected, and even lead to the lower efficiency of the aircraft carrier's ** fighters. You must know that in future naval warfare, the lower the efficiency of aircraft carrier deck scheduling, the fewer unupgraded sorties of carrier-based aircraft. Therefore, carrier-based aircraft on an aircraft carrier cannot take off at the stern of the ship, and the aircraft carrier has undergone hundreds of years of development, and every detail has been tested by war.

If he blindly pursues to extend the take-off distance of the fighter, in the end, Piquet can only gain more than he loses. Even the powerful US Navy will not let carrier-based aircraft take off in the stern of the ship.

<> "Since some planes can take off and land vertically, why do aircraft carriers build such long runways?"

Aircraft VTOL is designed to deal with the lack of runway length, and if the runway is long enough, of course, it is better not to take off and land vertically.

It was the British who invented the technology of vertical take-off and landing of aircraft. In order to solve the problem of the aircraft carrier's drainage and small runway, they developed the "Harrier Wang Chi Pao" aircraft. Later, the Americans introduced the "Harrier" type, which was deployed on amphibious assault ships.

Vertical take-off and landing technology certainly solves the problem of using fixed-wing aircraft in a small space (otherwise you have to use ***, the first generation of aircraft carriers in the former Soviet Union is like this), but the disadvantages are obvious, that is, it seriously affects the take-off weight of the aircraft, that is, the aircraft can not carry enough ** and fuel, so that both the attack capability and the combat radius will be greatly reduced, if you want to cause air supremacy tasks, it is relatively reluctant.

Of course, for amphibious assault ships or small and medium-sized aircraft carriers, the use of vertical take-off and landing technology is a last resort when the take-off space is insufficient. It is also a way to take off by gliding, such as China's "Liaoning" ship. But there is also the same problem, which is the limited take-off weight.

As a heavy carrier-based aircraft, the J-15's excellent performance can only be fully exerted when a catapult is used.

Large aircraft carriers can use normal carrier-based aircraft, such as the American F A-18 Hornet, because the runway is long enough and the catapult is used to accelerate during takeoff. This kind of carrier-based aircraft taxied and accelerated on the runway like ordinary airplanes, because after all, it is impossible to have a runway of 2-3 kilometers like a land airport, and it is necessary to use a catapult to accelerate at the last moment of takeoff, and when landing, use a blocking cable to reduce speed to stop the high-speed aircraft. The advantage of catapult take-off is that the aircraft can take off at full load, so the combat radius is larger, it carries more ammunition, and is more capable of air supremacy and sea (ground) attacks.

At present, the United States' large nuclear-powered aircraft carriers use standard carrier-based aircraft and take off with runway catapults, while aircraft carriers of other countries, because they are medium-sized aircraft carriers, do not have the conditions to use runway catapults, so they adopt the method of gliding over and taking off; as for the vertical take-off and landing mode, the British "Harrier" type has been decommissioned, and the US F35B adopts short-range vertical take-off and landing because it is to be used on amphibious assault ships, and amphibious assault ships cannot carry ordinary carrier-based aircraft because the deck length is insufficient.

Summary. The Essex-class aircraft carrier is the largest number of first-class attack aircraft carriers built in the history of the US Navy, with 32 aircraft carriers originally planned to be built, but 24 were actually completed. In 1991, the last Lexington was decommissioned from active service.

Its main technical performance is: standard displacement 27,100 tons. Meters long (some meters), 28 meters wide.

4 meters (maximum 45 meters), draft 7 meters, flight deck width meters. The power plant is 4 steam turbines and 8 boilers, with a total power of 111,900 kilowatts, 4 axles, a maximum speed of 33 knots, and a range of 15,000 nautical miles and 15 knots.

The Essex-class aircraft carrier is the largest number of first-class attack aircraft carriers built in the history of the US Navy, with 32 aircraft carriers originally planned to be built, but 24 were actually completed. In 1991, the last Lexington was decommissioned from active service. Its main technical performance is:

Standard displacement 27100 tons. Meters long (some meters), 28 meters wide. 4 meters (maximum 45 meters), draft 7 meters, flight deck width meters.

The power plant is 4 steam turbines and 8 boilers, with a total power of 111,900 kilowatts, 4 axles, a maximum speed of 33 knots, and a range of 15,000 nautical miles and 15 knots.

Hello, the aircraft carrier flight deck single strip width meters.

Most of the decks of aircraft carriers are only about 80 mm thick.

1. The flight deck is the upper deck on the surface of the aircraft carrier for the take-off and landing and parking of carrier-based aircraft, also known as the ship surface field. In the early days, due to the small take-off and landing speed, the aircraft could take off from the small deck laid on the bow or the upper part of the main turret, and land from the short deck at the stern.

2. But modern aircraft carriers are large upper decks that run through the whole ship. It should be noted that the flight of an aircraft carrier is much wider than the hull.

3. From the front, the flight deck is stretched out from the hull facing both sides, and the shape is very strange. The flight deck is made of high-strength steel plates because it has to withstand the strong impact loads of the aircraft when it lands. During World War II, the flight deck of an aircraft carrier had to be covered with a wooden deck, while the surface of the flight deck of a modern aircraft carrier is metal.

Generally speaking, the larger the aircraft carrier, the more the flight deck can be extended to the left and right to achieve a larger area. However, there is a certain limit to the extension of the flight deck, because it is necessary to consider the stability and durability of the aircraft carrier when sailing, and the infiltration of the port and dock. Another problem on the flight deck is the bridge.

On aircraft carriers, the flight deck is considered the surface of the sea, and the protruding bridge is called the "island". The existence of "islands" is a big obstacle for aircraft, whether they take off or land, stop or move.

In the 1st and 2nd wars, there were double-overtime aircraft carriers, which were later canceled due to the high center of gravity, and the high center of gravity required greater ballast balancing, which in turn lowered the freeboard, and the reduction of the freeboard would affect seaworthiness.

2. The hangar is under the aviation deck, which is convenient for aircraft scheduling, bomb loading and other operations, if a double flight deck is set up, the hangar will be far away from the deck. If there is a double-storey hangar, the above two problems will occur.

3. The jumping deck is a given angle after many years of experiments in the UK, and it is estimated that it will be insufficient to increase the thrust of the aircraft.

4. The aircraft carrier relies on the full speed headwind to reduce the take-off speed.

The decks of the earliest aircraft carriers were rectangular, and at that time the take-off and landing distances of aircraft were short, and the rectangular deck was sufficient. The current take-off and landing distance of the aircraft is 100 meters even with the help of catapults and arresting cables, and it is necessary to leave room for a failed landing and go-around, and the length of the rectangular deck is more than 500 meters, which is very difficult to build. So rely on the beveled deck to make up the length.

In order to meet the needs of the battlefield, aircraft carriers of various countries will carry many carrier-based aircraft, and if the carrier-based aircraft needs to take off, it is necessary to move the carrier-based aircraft to the tail of the aircraft carrier to clear the runway. In this case, there is no room for aircraft to land on the aircraft carrier, so an aircraft carrier with a direct deck cannot have the ability to take off and land at the same time. The use of an angled deck is equivalent to dividing the aircraft carrier deck into take-off and landing areas, with the foredeck generally being used for take-off and the inclined deck being used for landing.

The two do not affect each other, that is, if the landing fails, you can take off and land again. Sometimes the inclined deck is fitted not only with arresting cables to help with landing, but also with one or two catapults, and if necessary, catapults aircraft. As long as it can ensure the efficiency of aircraft take-off and landing.

The beveled deck is the need of the development of the times.

The rectangle cannot take off and land at the same time.