Why not develop vertical take off and landing aircraft like Harriers on aircraft carriers?

Facts have proven that the use of VTOL aircraft on aircraft carriers is not worth the cost, so Russia and the United Kingdom have given up or are preparing to abandon VTOL for carrier-based aircraft.

The advantage of an aircraft carrier lies in the fact that it can carry carrier-based aircraft to any sea area, which greatly increases the combat range of combat aircraft, especially in the absence of its own airfield, and can significantly increase its air superiority for its own side.

However, the carrier-based vertical aircraft, because of the increase in the engine and thus the take-off weight, and the fuel consumption is very large, so its combat radius and bomb load are obviously insufficient, and it cannot play its due role.

For example, in the Gulf War, the United States could take off fighter planes from aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf to attack the hinterland of Iraq, while the planes on British aircraft carriers could only be used to support surface ships and landing operations, which greatly reduced the role of aircraft carriers.

The former Soviet Union did not use vertical take-off and landing aircraft on its last class of aircraft carriers, but adopted a sliding jump type with a take-off slope deck, but there was still the disadvantage that the bomb load could not be too large.

So, at the moment catapult take-off is the best way to take off. Even the F-35 carrier-based version being developed in the United States will not use vertical take-off and landing as a conventional take-off and landing method, but will continue to develop a new generation of catapults.

Vertical take-off and landing aircraft, generally poor air combat performance, even F-35. For example, the Kiev in the former Soviet Union was specially designed for vertical take-off and landing aircraft, which was later eliminated. Moreover, the fuel consumption of the aircraft in the process of vertical take-off and landing is quite large, and too many maneuvers will greatly reduce its combat radius.

The Harrier is an aircraft of the Marine Corps in the United States, used as a special operations tool. The accident rate is extremely high!

Vertical take-off and landing is good, but the most important thing is the take-off weight For example, the maximum take-off weight of the same Harrier fighter is 10 tons, while the maximum take-off weight of taxiing may be 15 tons The most important difference between the two is the bomb capacity and fuel load Vertical take-off is only used for special missions or shows

Harriers are scrap metal that can take off and land vertically!

<> "Why some aircraft carriers and carrier-based aircraft are not vertical take-off and landing.

At present, the world's mainstream carrier-based aircraft take-off and landing methods are catapult take-off and segmented rope landing. The U.S. Navy has 11 aircraft carriers, 10 of which use steam catapults and one uses electromagnetic catapult technology and electromagnetic blocking devices. In addition to the United States, France also uses fixed-wing carrier-based aircraft by catapults.

The British aircraft carrier, on the other hand, uses a short-range vertical take-off and landing method, using fixed-wing state-collapsed carrier-based aircraft, because the carrier-based aircraft equipped with it is an F-35B Lightning II fighter imported by the United States, which has a short-range vertical take-off and landing capability.

Catapult take-off is very different from short-range VTOL. This is the question of the carrying capacity and range of the fighter. When the catapult takes off, the fighter can take off with a full load, and the short-range vertical take-off and landing needs to consider the maximum thrust of the engine, and it will not carry too much ** and fuel, so its combat effectiveness will also be greatly affected.

At present, only Britain, Spain, and Italy use carrier-based aircraft for short-range vertical take-off and landing, and the aircraft carriers of the rest of the countries use fixed-wing carrier-based aircraft that catapult or jump late tracks as parachutes.

If an upward thrust device is installed on the aircraft carrier, it may be a research direction in the future. This is similar to a wind tunnel setup, so the aircraft will have a height. However, in order to maintain the altitude and course of the fighter, it is still necessary to install additional thrust.

This will make the control of the fighter very complicated, reducing the efficiency of aircraft take-off and landing.

At present, the US Navy's aircraft carriers can take off and land 150 fixed-wing carrier-based aircraft per day, because they use catapult takeoff, which is equivalent to the air force of a medium-sized country. If thrust devices are installed on the aircraft carrier, the landing of carrier-based aircraft will also be affected, and the combat efficiency of the entire aircraft carrier will be greatly restricted.

"Harrier"It was the world's first subsonic single-seat VTOL fighter and the most successful VTOL fighter to date. "Harrier"The magic weapon for vertical take-off and landing is a rotatable one equipped with 4 steering nozzles"Pegasus"type turbofan engine. It can provide lift by changing the direction of the engine nozzle jet.

When the aircraft takes off and lands vertically, the nozzle turns to the downward direction, and the engine is jetted downward, forming 4 powerful air columns, which make the aircraft rise from the ground like a rocket"Apollo"The lunar module of the spacecraft landed vertically like a soft landing on the moon; In regular flight, the vent is turned to the rear and the engine is vented backwards, providing forward power to the aircraft. The wingtips, tail and nose of the wings are equipped with jet reaction nozzles to control the attitude of the aircraft and improve the stall performance of the aircraft. "Harrier"The advantage of VTOL technology is that VTOL and level flight states can be quickly converted and maneuverability can be improved.

Harrier"Fighters can maneuver at low speeds, turn in place, reverse, and hover in the air"Stunts"The flight maneuver and actual combat effect are also very good. "Harrier"type of carrier--"Sea Harrier"The aircraft showed its skills during the Falklands War, and the air combat record was an astonishing 23:0!

Harrier"The main disadvantages of the vertical take-off and landing technology are that the lift generated by the engine is too small, resulting in too small a range, radius of activity and bomb load when the fighter takes off vertically. "Pegasus"The engine's two front nozzles eject cool-temperature air from the engine's fan, with less lifting force. "Harrier"The bomb load is 1360 kg, and the combat radius is only 92 kilometers when taking off vertically.

Therefore"Harrier"fighter jets usually take off with short runs. Second, the flight resistance is large. To increase the lifting force,"Pegasus"The engine uses a large fan, which results in a lot of flight resistance in level flight, so much so that it cannot fly at supersonic speeds.

Third, it brings difficulties to the overall design of the aircraft. Because the center of gravity of the aircraft must be behind the two front nozzles of the engine, neither the length of the aircraft nor the weight of the front of the fuselage can be excessive.

Hope it helps.

Popular science knowledge! Why can Harrier fighters take off and land vertically?

Landing an aircraft on an aircraft carrier, especially at night or in bad weather, is the most difficult flying trick. In the case of an American aircraft carrier, the landing process is as follows: the first aircraft to return enters a circular course around the carrier to reduce the altitude and speed of the flight.

When landing, the speed of the aircraft is reduced to the point of almost stalling. The pilot will lower the landing gear, flaps and air speed brakes, and extend the capture hook to maintain a certain speed and glide rate.

In the aft part of the aircraft carrier there are 4 interceptor lines. The pilot who landed had to catch the hook and hook on one of them. In the best case he should hang the third, if he hangs the first two, then his descent angle is too flat, if he hangs the last one, then his descent angle is too steep.

When the aircraft reaches equilibrium, under the action of the interceptor cable resistance, the kinetic energy of the aircraft decreases rapidly, and the forward rush of up to 60 to 90 meters can be completely stopped.

The pilot will follow the instructions of the ground crew on deck to reduce the thrust of the engine and leave the landing area. In the event of an emergency, such as when the hook of the aircraft is damaged, and the aircraft cannot use the arrest cable to land and stop, the interceptor net can be pulled up on the deck to assist the aircraft in making a forced landing.

In an emergency, when the tail landing hook cannot be put down, and the fuel on board has been exhausted and can no longer be re-flown again, a barrage net can also be temporarily erected in the landing area. The barricade net is about a meter high and slightly wider than the barricade cable, and consists of multiple strands of high-strength nylon belts. After the plane crashes into the net, it only takes 40 to 50 meters before it stops.

Of course, the use of barrage nets is only an emergency measure, because carrier-based aircraft will be damaged to varying degrees after hitting the net.

The interceptor cable buffer of the US aircraft carrier can stop the 30-ton carrier-based aircraft after landing at a speed of 140 knots. After the carrier-based aircraft stopped, the interceptor cable automatically reset to welcome the arrival of the next landing aircraft.

Before the 50s of the 20th century, aircraft carriers were directed by landing officers standing at the left end of the flight deck holding flags and signaling aircraft to land. But when jets are on board, this method is no longer applicable.

In 1952, British Navy Lieutenant Colonel Gert Hart was inspired by the female secretary's action of applying lipstick in the mirror and designed an early optical landing device, also known as a landing mirror. It is a large curvature mirror, and the light located in the stern of the ship shines on the mirror surface and reflects into the air, providing the pilot with a descending slope of light, and the pilot follows this slope and corrects the error by the position of the aircraft in the mirror until it is safely landed.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the US Navy has developed a fully automatic landing assistance system, which measures the actual position of the aircraft through radar, and then according to the movement of the aircraft carrier itself, the aircraft carrier computer obtains the correct position of the aircraft landing, and then sends an error signal after comparing it in the command computer, and the autopilot of the carrier-based aircraft corrects the error according to the signal and guides the carrier-based aircraft to land correctly.

Aircraft on an aircraft carrier take off.

The moment when the F35 fighter takes off on an aircraft carrier.

On the aircraft carrier, I think it has a certain runway, and it is generally parked by helicopters, so it doesn't need too long a report.

In the 70s, Britain first developed a vertical take-off and landing aircraft, called the Harrier aircraft, which was successfully researched and equipped for use in the troops. How does this aircraft take off and land? It turns out that its engine has 4 nozzles, which are all jets on both sides of the fuselage, and the nozzles can turn, and the thrust generated when the nozzles go down, can make the plane rise vertically; The thrust created when the vent is backward can move the aircraft forward.

The pilot can change the flight attitude of the aircraft by adjusting the direction and angle of the nozzle. This kind of aircraft generally does not need a runway, and can take off or land with an open space of 35 or 35 meters, like ***, which is very suitable for taking off and landing on relatively small islands or aircraft carriers.

Popular science knowledge! Why can Harrier fighters take off and land vertically?

Popular science knowledge! Why can Harrier fighters take off and land vertically?

This is powered by a specially designed Pegasus engine with 4 nozzles that can be vertically downwards for vertical take-off and landing.

The jet nozzle can be adjusted, spraying down first, and slowly changing to spray backward.

That's what he was born for.