There are several ways to calculate GDP, and how is each one calculated?

Due to the sharp appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar this year, some people have concluded that this year's GDP growth will exceed 10%, which is incorrect.

The three formulas for calculating GDP are income method value added = labor remuneration +Depreciation of fixed assets+ Net production tax + operating surplus. Income methodGross Domestic Product= Sum of the value added of all resident units by income method.

Various forms of remuneration that workers should receive from the unit for engaging in productive labor, including total wages, welfare expenses, and other labor remuneration in kind. The net income obtained by peasant households and individual laborers from production and operation is mainly the income from the labor chain, which is also included in the remuneration of laborers.

Basic concepts related to GDP

Net production tax: The difference between the production tax and the production subsidy that the enterprise should pay to ** in a certain period. Production tax is a pre-profit tax of the enterprise, such as sales tax and surcharges.

VAT and business management fees.

but does not include income tax.

Operating surplus is roughly equivalent to operating profit as the balance of total output after deducting intermediate inputs, workers' compensation, depreciation of fixed assets, and net production tax.

However, wages and benefits are deducted from profits. If the enterprise obtains a production subsidy from **, the subsidy should be included in the surplus of the business industry.

The expenditure method calculates GDP from the perspective of the final use of society, which is the value of products produced in a certain period of time that can be used for final use, and the final use of these products is used for final consumption, investment that is, capital formation, and exports.

As follows:

1. Production method.

GDP = Workers' Compensation + Net Production Tax.

Depreciation of fixed assets + operating surplus.

2. Income method.

GDP = Wages + Interest + Profits + Rent + Indirect Taxes and Corporate Transfers + Depreciation.

It can also be seen as GDP = a factor of birth and burial.

income of non-factors of production.

3. Expenditure method.

gdp = c + i + g +（x-m）<>

NEED NOTICE:

Real GDP and nominal GDP

Usually unequal (only the base year of the fixed ** of the mathematical real GDP is equal), the relationship between them is:

Real GDP = Nominal GDP Gross Domestic Product.

The deflator (refers to the index for which the base period is 100).

Nominal GDP = Real GDP GDP Deflator Price Index.

As for the nominal GDP growth rate.

The relationship with the real GDP growth rate is that the nominal GDP growth rate = [(1 + real GDP growth rate) (1 + local deflator increase) 100%]-1.

Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the value of all final goods and services produced in a country's or region's economy in a certain period of time (a quarter or a year), and is often recognized as the best indicator of a country's economic status. It can reflect not only a country's economic performance, but also a country's national strength and wealth. In January 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics released important economic data for 2011, in which GDP growth was basically in line with expectations.

On October 18, 2012, statistics showed that the GDP in the first three quarters of 2012 was 35,348 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase; Among them, the growth in the first quarter, the growth in the second quarter, the growth in the third quarter, and the growth rate in the third quarter hit a new low in 14 quarters since the second quarter of 2009.

China's GDP accounting history is not long. In the early 80s of the last century, China began to study the gross domestic product (GDP) indicators of the United Nations system of national accounts. Since 1985, China has established a GDP accounting system, and in 1993, the national income accounting has been officially abolished, and GDP has become the core indicator of national economic accounting.

In 2003, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that China would improve its GDP accounting and data dissemination system, eliminate misleading estimates, establish a mechanism for regularly revising and adjusting GDP data, and publish relevant important data at the same time as the release of the agitated GDP data, and publish the accounting method when necessary. This is an important step for China to improve the accuracy and transparency of GDP data and move towards an internationally accepted approach.

Real GDP = Nominal GDP 100 * GDP deflator for a given year.

Real GDP and nominal GDP are usually not equal, nominal GDP growth is equal to the sum of real GDP growth and inflation, and the change caused by inflation will still rise even if production has not changed.

The GDP deflator can be obtained by dividing the real GDP and nominal GDP each year, and the GDP deflator index in the base year is 1, which reflects the overall level of change in the economy (inflation or deflation).

GDP deflator for a year = (nominal GDP for that year Real GDP for that year) 100

The annual growth of real GDP is the inflation-adjusted nominal GDP growth rate, which is usually expressed as a percentage.

Expand the old divination:

There are three methods of GDP accounting, namely the production method, the income method, and the expenditure method, and the three methods reflect the results of the national economic production activities from different angles, and the accounting results of the three methods are the same in theory.

The production infiltration method is a method to measure the newly created value of permanent residents during the accounting period from the perspective of production, that is, the added value is obtained by deducting the value of intermediate products input in the production process from the total product value produced by various sectors of the national economy during the accounting period.

The accounting formula is: value added = total output - intermediate inputs.

The income method is an accounting method that reflects the final result according to the share of income due to the factors of production in the production process from the perspective of income generated by the production process.

According to this accounting method, the value added is obtained by adding four parts: workers' compensation, net production tax, depreciation of fixed assets and operating surplus.

The expenditure method measures the final destination of goods and services during the accounting period from the perspective of end-use, including three parts: final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, and net exports of goods and services.

Limitations: 1) Since GDP uses the market ** to value goods and services, it does not include the value of almost all activities carried out outside the market. In particular, GDP omits the value of goods and services produced in households.

2) GDP does not include environmental quality. Imagine that if all environmental regulations are abolished, then companies can produce goods and workers without regard for the pollution they cause. In this case, GDP will increase, but welfare will most likely fall.

3) GDP is also not about income and distribution. GDP per capita tells us about the average person, but behind the average amount is a huge difference in personal income.

Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the final up-and-down results of the production activities of all resident units of a country (or region) in a certain period of time calculated by market**.

GDP reflects the economic strength and market size of a country (or region), is the core indicator of national accounting, and is an important data to measure the economic status and development level of a country or region.

Real GDP and nominal GDP are usually unequal (only the base year of the fixed ** of mathematical real GDP is equal), and the relationship between them is:

Real GDP = Nominal GDP GDP Deflator (refers to the index for the period with a base period of 100), Nominal GDP = Real GDP Gross Domestic Product Deflator;

As for the relationship between nominal GDP growth and real GDP growth, yes.

Nominal GDP growth rate = [(1 + real GDP growth rate) (1 + local deflator increase) 100%]-1

Macroeconomics refers to the value of all final goods and services measured in the current period** as nominal GDP. The increase in nominal GDP may be due to the rise in production and both and both.

GDP calculated in this way is not a good indicator of economic welfare. That said, this measure doesn't reflect exactly how well the economy can meet the needs of households, businesses, and **. If production doubles without any change, then nominal GDP will also double.

However, it would be misleading to say that the economy's ability to meet demand has doubled, since the output of each commodity produced is the same as before.

Intuitively, a better measure of economic well-being is to calculate the physical output of goods and services, which are not affected by changes. For this purpose, macroeconomics uses real GDP. Real GDP indicates the change in output if it changes and ** does not change.

Since the ability of a society to provide economic satisfaction to its members ultimately depends on the amount of surplus goods and services produced, real GDP provides a better measure of economic well-being than nominal GDP.

Nominal GDP = Real GDP deflator of GDP.

The relationship between nominal GDP growth rate and real GDP growth rate is nominal GDP growth rate = [(1 + real GDP growth rate) (1 + local deflator increase) 100%]-1.

Since the same product** will vary from year to year, it is not possible to make a historical comparison of national income in terms of nominal GDP. In order to make the GDP of a country or region in different years comparable, it is necessary to take the ** level of a certain year as the benchmark, and the GDP of each year is calculated according to this ** level, this particular year is the base year, the ** level of the base year is the so-called constant **, and the value of the final product of each year calculated according to the unchanged ** of the base year is the real GDP.

GDP accounting.

In the quarterly GDP accounting, all applicable statistical survey data that can be obtained at the time of accounting are used for file GDP accounting.

The first is the national statistical survey data, which refers to the various statistical data obtained by the statistical survey conducted by the national statistical system, such as the statistical survey data of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, industry, construction, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and catering industry, real estate industry, etc., sample survey data of the service industry, population and labor wage statistics, ** statistical data, etc.

The second is the administrative records of administrative departments, mainly including: relevant data of the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other administrative departments, such as the domestic and foreign currency credit receipts and expenditures of financial institutions of the People's Bank of China, and the tax data of the State Administration of Taxation by industry.