How does the communication between the hard disk memory work?

Let's take the old platform, and the dual-bridge platform, first of all, we must know that the main role of the north bridge is to integrate the high-speed components in the computer, and CPU, memory, graphics card through PCIe bus communication, PCI and other communications, and the south bridge is responsible for the integration of low speed hard disk, optical drive, keyboard, mouse and power management, etc., then there is no doubt that the north and south bridge is the communication center of the various hardware of the computer, and the north and south bridges are also communicating with each other. With the support of the operating system, the CPU uploads or ** the information on the hard disk or network according to the commands issued by the user, and so on, there is a point that the CPU must run on the supported operating system platform, the CPU manages the computer through the integrated instruction set and controller, and the CPU calculator only performs binary calculations on the data. Then there is the hard disk through the file from the memory into the hard disk, the CPU sends instructions, the data begins to be transmitted through the north bridge south bridge hard disk, the hard disk is stored in binary data, so there is no need to convert, but if the output to the display of the display or printer for text or image display needs o a converter conversion to be recognized and used by people, the hard disk is a disk composed of many discrete tracks from the outside to the inside into a corrugated shape, do not interfere with each other, And the first track from the outside to the inside, we call it a 0 track, and the first track to the inside is ...A platter is divided into a plane and b plane, each surface has a corresponding head, so that 1 or more platters are stacked, then the corresponding a plane and b plane such overlapping tracks we call a cylinder, the corresponding track is a cylinder, when we partition the hard disk, the way of partitioning is a cylinder and a cylinder is not a disk to divide another disk, And we click on the content of the computer is the CPU according to the cylinder where the information stored in the hard disk is to read the information, of course, through the head to read, store or delete the information, how the specific hard disk works can be seen on the Internet** is very clear.

As for the memory, it is a binary high-density switching integrated circuit composed of many transistors, but this integrated circuit is driven by electricity to turn on and off, to achieve the signal storage function of binary 0 or 1, once the power is lost, all switches will become 0, and the CPU will scan and update at a high speed, the content in the memory is mainly completed by instructions, and the unwanted content will be replaced or eliminated in the next scanning cycle, and the content input by the outside world passes A o The converter becomes a digital signal that can be recognized by the CPU and stores it in memory, and only the command to save the content to the disk can save the content to the hard disk for a long time.

The above content is my experience of learning computers, my personal understanding is like this, if there are similarities it would be an honor, although it is long overdue, but I hope it will help you!

It's so professional, let's find out how the computer works.

CPU <--Memory<--External memory (hard disk, flash disk, optical disk, etc.) After the computer is started, when the CPU loads the system files from the hard disk into the memory processing, read the data from the hard disk and load it into the memory, after the processing is completed, write back to the hard disk as needed to save or not write back to the hard disk and directly output it to an external device.

That is, ** processor, which is the abbreviation of "central processing unit" in English. The CPU takes out instructions from memory or cache, puts them into instruction registers, decodes and decodes the instructions into a series of microoperations, and then issues various control commands to execute a series of microoperations to complete the execution of system instructions. 2。

However, the CPU cannot directly call the system, programs and data stored on the hard disk, and the relevant content of the hard disk must be stored in memory first, so that it can be read and run by the CPU. Therefore, memory (i.e., physical memory, which is relative to the "external memory" of the hard disk) acts as the "transfer station" of the hard disk and the CPU, which has a great impact on the running speed of the computer. 3。

When the running data exceeds the limit of physical memory, part of the data will "overflow" by itself, and then the system will simulate part of the space on the hard disk into memory-virtual memory, and store the programs that are not running or the data that is not used temporarily in this part of the space, waiting for the need to facilitate timely calling.

4。Since memory is stored with electricity (data disappears once the power is off) and the capacity is limited, it is necessary to use a hard disk (external memory) to store programs or data for a long time. The hard disk also affects the speed of the system, as the speed at which the system reads data from the hard disk and stores it in memory via the bus also affects how fast the system runs.

—As for the image metaphor of some online articles: "The CPU is a factory, the hard disk is a large warehouse, the memory is a regular transit center, and the virtual memory is a temporary transit center", which is roughly close to reality, but not entirely accurate.

The CPU determines how fast and how much of the task is processed, the hard disk is how much the computer can store, and the memory is the storage point of the computer's current running data, and it can also determine the speed of the operation. I don't know.

This is because they use different storage media.

Hard disk is actually called hard disk, he and soft disk (referred to as floppy disk, ten years ago, used now, now rarely used) similar principle to use magnetic medium to record information, this medium is characterized by low cost, suitable for large-capacity storage, can reduce manufacturing costs. The disadvantages are slow reading speed and large size. So disks are used as external storage for computers and can record large amounts of data.

The USB flash drive uses flash memory media (flash), which is called flash memory because of its fast reading speed. Its disadvantage is that it is expensive to manufacture and difficult to make large-capacity memory. Therefore, its use is generally in the built-in memory, such as various electronic devices, computer memory, all use flash memory.

Although the capacity is small, the read is fast. In addition, his size is also very small, can be implanted in various electronic devices, if the hard disk is built into the ***, mobile phone, not only the size of the machine is large, but also there will be heat dissipation difficulties, high power consumption and other problems, with flash memory is the most suitable.

In the early days, flash memory only had a capacity of m-level, but now the technology has developed and can achieve 10G level. But compared to hard drives, the cost is still high. For example, a 4G flash memory** is about 60 yuan, about 15 yuan G, and a 160G mobile hard disk** is about 360 yuan, about 15 yuan G, **The gap is very obvious.

With the maturity and progress of technology, there is also a trend of learning from each other between hard disks and flash memory, that is, hard disks are getting smaller and smaller, more and more portable, and flash memory capacity is getting larger and larger, which is gradually decreasing.

In the short term, flash memory will not replace hard drives, because the low cost of hard drives is an absolute advantage, and hard drives are constantly improving and becoming more and more portable. However, as the capacity of flash memory increases, it is being applied to more fields. At present, in low-capacity fields, such as 10G and below, it is basically the world of flash memory.

Therefore, hard disks are also gradually developing into high-capacity fields, and there are generally few mobile hard disks below 40G on the market, generally starting from 120G.

1.The computer prompts that the memory is insufficient, and it is necessary to add memory, which has nothing to do with the hard disk.

2.Another depends on whether the computer configuration is worth adding, some old computers for many years are not worth adding, and it is wasted if they are added, because the overall configuration is insufficient.

3.Understand it first, and then consider the question of whether to add or not.

Can't do it, it's too far from the design to the components.

However, there is a kind of adapter that uses memory as an SSD, which is to plug the memory into a SSD with a sata port through the auxiliary chip, which is very expensive and not cost-effective.

1.The memory module can only read and write data in real time, and the data in the memory module will be lost if there is no power, so the memory module cannot be used as a mobile hard disk.

Is this possible, I've only heard of using memory to virtualize a hard disk, and I haven't heard of using a memory module to make a portable hard disk.

Mobile hard disk Samsung is good, and some domestic brands can also be used. Memory brand Kingston is the best. DDR400 should be compatible, but it depends on whether your chipset supports it, and even if it does, it needs to be downclocked to 266.

Hahan International Costumes.

RAM 2G less than 200.

HDD 300g 300

Graphics card around 400 is good.

It's about 800. It mainly depends on what graphics card you want, please refer to it.

Memory modules cannot be used to make portable hard drives. It is used to temporarily store the computing data in the CPU and exchange data with external memory such as hard disks. The data will cease to exist after a power outage.

Memory is one of the most important components of a computer, and it is the bridge that communicates with the CPU. The running of all programs in the computer takes place in memory, so the performance of the memory has a very large impact on the computer. Memory, also known as internal memory, is used to temporarily store computing data in the CPU and exchange data with external memory such as hard disks.

As long as the computer is running, the CPU will transfer the data that needs to be calculated to the memory for calculation, and when the operation is completed, the CPU will send the result out, and the operation of the memory also determines the stable operation of the computer. Memory is made up of parts such as memory chips, circuit boards, gold fingers, etc.

Nowadays, the capacity of the USB flash drive is getting larger and larger, and it already has a storage capacity of 64GB, which can completely replace the portable hard disk and use it conveniently.

Memory is the equivalent of a cache, which is to tune data into memory and then wait for the CPU to call it in memory, which is much faster than a hard disk because of the physical structure of the memory.

Memory is the place where some physical addresses are stored for the internal programs of the computer, and the hard disk is used to store things, which can store programs, software, etc.

The read and write speed of memory is much faster than that of the hard disk, and the hard disk can still store data after it is shut down, and there is no content when the memory is shut down, so the memory is the largest buffer between the hard disk and the CPU, using its high speed to store temporarily running programs and data, and provide it to the CPU for computing. The data you want to save is stored on your hard drive.

If the hard disk is a warehouse, then the memory is the channel for goods to enter and exit the warehouse plus the working space of warehouse management and inspection personnel.

It is to load the contents of the hard disk into memory and read them at a faster speed

It doesn't matter, they are innocent.

Memory is the storage of temporary data generated by the CPU, which will be deleted as soon as the computer is shut down or powered off, and is an important part of the computer, which acts as a buffer for the data generated by the CPU. The hard drive is a permanent storage file, and the data generated by your game is placed in it, and it is generally not deleted, so this is the reason why the computer wants to clean up the junk. Hard disks can also raise part of the space when memory is used, but the effect is very poor.

The memory and hard disk are controlled by the CPU through the Beiqiao chip, and the two are interconnected and indispensable!

In the computer industry, memory is called primary memory, and hard disk is called secondary memory.

There is also memory inside the computer CPU, such as the CPU level 1 and level 2 cache that we often say, in fact, the cache is not really in the CPU, and the memory that is really included in the CPU is the register.

The CPU processes data, always processes the data in the registers, and the number of registers is limited, so after the data processing is completed, the memory data is re-read into the register (the register and the memory exchange data are too frequent, which will reduce the efficiency, so the cache is inserted in the middle, and when the cache is full, it is written to the memory at one time), and a large amount of data that needs to be processed is stored in the main memory, but the main memory capacity is limited after all, like a few G of the operating system, it cannot be placed in the memory, so it is stored in the auxiliary memory, Secondary storage data is generally information that does not need to be processed immediately. The main memory is electrical storage, and the data will disappear after the power is off, while the hard disk is magnetic storage, and the data will not disappear after the power is off.

When the computer is turned on, there is no data in the memory, when the operating system is started, the operating system transfers the required data from the hard disk into the memory, and manages other software, such as when QQ is started, the operating system allocates memory to QQ software, and when QQ is closed, the operating system releases the original allocated memory. Of course, how to allocate and manage memory efficiently is a matter for the operating system.

Memory-mapped files share memory between processes.

Another feature of memory-mapped files is the sharing of data between processes, which provides an efficient and easy way for different processes to share memory. Many of the latter examples use shared memory.

Shared scattered memory is mainly achieved through a mapping mechanism.

The address spaces of processes under Windows are logically isolated from each other, but physically overlapping. Overlapping means that the same key-litre memory area may be used by multiple processes at the same time. When you call CreateFileMapping to create a named memory-mapped file object, Windows requests a memory area of the specified size in physical memory and returns the handle hmap of the file-mapped object.

In order to be able to access this area of memory, the MapViewOfFile function must be called, prompting Windows to map this memory space to the process's address space. When other processes access this memory area, you must use the openfilemapping function to get the object handle hmap, and call the mapviewoffile function to get a map of this memory space. In this way, the system maps the same memory area to the address space of different processes, so as to achieve the purpose of sharing memory.