How to collect and process the scion of jujube grafted seedlings?

Answer: The scion of the grafted variety of jujube should be selected from the jujube head or excellent secondary branch on the jujube tree bred by the excellent mother tree or excellent mother tree of the variety of jujube (it is best to choose the jujube head or excellent secondary branch on the jujube tree bred by the new breeding of the variety and approved by the provincial level or above as the scion), and the length of the scion should be retained to retain 2 main buds. According to many years of practice, it is best to cut the scion 10 to 20 days before the germination of jujube trees, and the water content and nutrients of the scion are higher at this time, so the survival rate of grafting is also high.

After the scion is cut and collected, you can use 3 times the clean river sand, spray it with water and mix it with the scion and put it in the cold storage with a temperature of 0 and 90% humidity or a cool shady room, bury it with wet sand, and graft it before and after the buds of the jujube tree germinate. The scion treated by this method should be grafted with a thin mulch film to wrap the whole scion and the interface, and the main bud of the scion should be wrapped with a layer of film to avoid the scion from losing water due to transpiration and affecting the survival rate. Because a thin layer of plastic film is used, the bud can break through the film when germination, and does not affect the growth of young shoots.

Cut and collected scion is best treated with industrial paraffin wax sealing. The method is: melt the wax with a furnace fire, and the temperature should be controlled at about 100 (it is best to heat it with a water bath, that is, cut the paraffin wax into pieces, put it into an iron container, put the wax container into a boiling water basin to heat the paraffin, and the water bath can ensure that the wax liquid does not exceed 100), and then the whole scion is dipped in wax liquid one by one, if the amount of scion is large, the scion can be put into the iron fence and dipped in the wax liquid quickly, and then scattered on the clean ground so that the scion does not stick to each other and cools quickly.

If the scion is whitish, it means that the wax temperature is low, the wax skin is thick, and it is easy to make the wax skin fall off, if the scion changes color, the wax temperature is too high, and it is easy to burn the scion. The scion after sealing the wax can be stored in cold storage or cold room, and the method is the same as before. For the scion of sealing wax, the interface only needs to be tightly wound with a plastic strip when grafting.

The collection and processing of jujube scion is explained in detail.

First of all, you need to prepare the tools for jujube tree grafting, including grafting knives, plastic strips, etc., the best time for spring grafting is around March, and in autumn, you can cut off the secondary branches around August and then graft the operation.

If it is a spring and summer grafted scion, it is best to prepare before the end of March, collect the annual jujube head branches that are fully developed and free of diseases and pests in the tree orchard, cut off the secondary branches, and quickly inlay the removed jujube buds on the rootstock incision, so that the lower oblique mouth and the cambium on the left and right sides are aligned. Use a plastic film belt with good elasticity, high tensile force and good softness to wrap and tie tightly from bottom to top to expose the bud body.

In the process of grafting, jujube trees should choose relatively strong branches, and scientific methods should be mastered when grafting, so as to improve the survival rate.

1. The choice of scion.

The scion should be selected from the mother tree with strong growth, high yield and stable yield, good quality, and no spreading pests and diseases, and the selected scion should grow strong, full of buds, and a thickness of centimeters of annual jujube heads or secondary branches. After collection, it should be properly stored and treated with sealing wax. After wax sealing, the scion should be stored in a cold storage with a temperature of 0 5 and a relative humidity of about 90%, and it should be taken at any time.

The rootstock is based on the winter jujube tree.

2. Grafting period and method.

Spring grafting is the best method for the high grafting and replacement of winter jujube trees, and two grafting methods are generally adopted: splitting and plugging.

1) Splitting. It can be carried out half a month before the germination of winter jujube trees. First cut the anvil at a distance of 5 10 cm from the surface, and the section should be flat. Then use a grafting knife to cut a centimeter incision vertically from the center along the cross-section, and then cut the scion into a 2 3 cm incision in the shape of a double horse ear (slightly thicker on the outer side), the base section of the scion is nearly triangular, and the bud is located in the upper part of the narrow side of the wedge-shaped facet.

After the scion is cut, it is quickly inserted into the crack of the rootstock, so that the thicker side of the scion cutting surface is aligned with the rootstock cambium outside, and the scion cutting surface is exposed 2 3 mm outside the split, that is, slightly white. After splicing, the graft and scion incision are tightly bandaged with plastic strips, which not only waterproof evaporation, but also can fix the scion.

2) Plug joint.

It can be carried out after the budding of the winter jujube trees until late May. When grafting, cut the rootstock on the suitable part (5 10 cm from the ground at the low graft, 2 4 cm thick at the diameter of the graft at the high graft), and then use pruning shears to cut a cut from the bottom to the top, deep into the xylem, peel off the cortex, and form a triangular crack. Then at the lower end of the scion 2 3 cm, the single bevel of 2 3 cm long is cut downward, which is horse-ear-shaped, and the base section of the cut surface is nearly "one" shaped, and the scion is cut to the xylem of the rootstock and gently inserted into the rootstock cortex.

The upper end of the cut surface of the scion is slightly exposed. The lashing method is the same as that of splitting.

3. Post-grafting management.

Due to the relative concentration of nutrients, some tillers will be produced at the base of the rootstock, in order to ensure that the nutrients absorbed by the root system are fully ** the growth of the scion, it should be insisted on 3 4 days to remove the tillers 1 time, and remove 2 3 times. In the grafting, the secondary branches are selected as the scion, and some of the scion grows directly after the scion survives, and the other part grows the jujube hanging after germination. As long as the centimeters are cut off from the base, jujube heads can generally grow in about 7 days.

There is often strong wind in spring, when the grafted seedlings grow to 20 cm, the grafted seedlings born by the plug-in grafting method should be tied to a wooden stick or bamboo pole on the rootstock in time, and the new shoots should be tied and fixed tightly and moderately to avoid wind breaks. The tie-up should be carried out for two consecutive years and checked at any time. Split seedlings generally do not need to be tied.

When the grafted shoots grow to 8 9 secondary branches, topping is performed to promote the growth of secondary branches. After grafting, the new shoots of the winter jujube tree are young and tender, and they are very susceptible to diseases and insects, mainly to prevent the harm of jujube gall mosquitoes. In the embryonic stage, spraying 1 2 times of 25% chlorpyramide No. 3 2000 times liquid can effectively control jujube gall mosquitoes.

When the grafted seedlings survive, the growth is vigorous, and the amount of fertilizer required is large, so it should be topdressed and watered in time, and the weeding should be carried out after watering. Pay attention to check the survival of the scion in time, and the scion that does not survive should be repaired in time.

The upstairs expert did the right thing, and I did this.

Cut the jujube rootstock about 20 cm from the ground, cut the bark along the side along the rootstock, insert the scion (the bottom end of the rootstock is cut long and short two slopes, the long slope is about 3 cm, the short slope is about 0.5 cm, and the scion long slope is pasted with the rootstock), wrap it tightly with plastic strips, and after the operation, as well as different jujube tree varieties, it is necessary to choose a suitable grafting time, in most areas of the author's hometown of Shandong, under normal circumstances, it will be selected around April every spring, Or the grafting operation is carried out around October in the autumn, and the grafting is carried out during these two time periods, <>

Cut a long shaved surface on the back or side of the main bud, and the shaved surface is long. Cut a short face, 1 cm in length, on the side of the long cut. The upper part of the main bud is left to be cut, and the upper part is cut off at the smooth place where the rootstock is 20cm from the ground, and then a knife is cut horizontally on the rootstock to the xylem, the upper thickness is thin and the lower part is thin, such as the scion is thinner than the rootstock, one side of the cut surface is slightly thinner than the other side, and the main bud is on the thin side.

4) Insert the cut scion into the split of the rootstock, and leave a 1-2 mm cut surface at the upper end of the scion cutting surface, commonly known as "exposed white", so that the cambium on the thicker side of the scion can be aligned with the cambium layer of the rootstock (if the thickness of the rootstock and the scion is the same, <>).

Such as with wood bud grafting, etc., here I want to tell you that the grafting method is not the key, grafting time is the key, if the survival rate of spring grafting is not ideal, you can make up in the autumn (August), at this time, the best way to make up the grafting is with wood bud grafting. The cortex is easy to peel off and is the best time for grafting. In addition to cutting, splitting, and ventral jointing, it can also be inserted into the skin, bud and other methods.

The grafting time can be continued until mid to late May. In July and August, it can be re-grafted if it is not lived.

It is the most commonly used grafting method in the northern jujube area in recent years. The advantages are that the grafting period is long, the scion is easy to collect, the use is economical, the selection of rootstock is not very strict, the operation is simple, and the survival rate is high, up to more than 95%. It is very good to use this method for high grafting, and choose 1 3 cm branches for grafting

The roots of the jujube tree should be grafted with other trees, because only in this way can the growth of the jujube tree be better promoted.

Tiller cultivation: Tiller cultivation is a method to obtain seedlings by taking advantage of the characteristics of strong root tillering power of jujube trees and retaining the root tillers that naturally germinate around the jujube trees in the original jujube orchard. The advantages of this method are that it is simple and easy to implement, but the number of seedlings is small, the seedlings are not neat, the root system is poor, the fine roots are few, and the survival rate of planting is low.

The grafting and propagation technology of jujube trees is to use this method to make the yield and varieties of jujube trees greatly improved and improved, this technology is actually very simple, as long as you can master certain skills, you can also do it yourself.

The whole body of the jujube tree is a treasure, and the fruit nutritional scion should be selected from the mother tree with strong growth, high yield and stable yield, good quality, and no spreading pests and diseases. After collection, it should be properly preserved, sealed wax, my family is Sichuan, we use more sour jujubes here, it has the advantages of high kernel yield, low cost, easy reproduction and drought resistance, so most of them are grafted with sour jujubes! The advantages of using the natural root tiller seedlings of the jujube tree as rootstock are:

It has a good effect on the growth and fruiting of the thorn, but the number is limited, which can not meet the needs of a large number of cultivated seedlings, and the existence of these root tiller seedlings is not conducive to the cultivation and intercropping of jujube orchard. In the long run, it is distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan and other places.

It is reported that the grafted jujube of the copper money tree grows well, but it is not cold and drought tolerant, and is suitable for the south of the Yangtze River. When choosing a rootstock, first of all, it should have a good effect on the growth and fruiting of the scion; Secondly, the reproduction capacity is cut straight down, about 3 4 cm deep. The base of the scion is cut into a wedge shape of 3 4 cm long on both sides, and then the rootstock is pried open with a knife, and the scion is inserted, and one side of the anvil is aligned with the cambium for the final tie.

Immediately with a knife, the rootstock is cut into a semi-wedge shape and the outer epidermal membrane is gently scraped (the rootstock is about centimeter stubble) and inserted into the grafted cortex, and the wound surface is tightened with a plastic belt from bottom to top. Note: The plastic must be pulled tightly with one hand and wrapped tightly with the thumb of the other hand.

The whole body of the jujube tree is a treasure, and the fruit nutritional scion should be selected from the mother tree with strong growth, high yield and stable yield, good quality, and no spreading pests and diseases. After collection, it should be properly preserved, sealed wax, my family is Sichuan, we use more sour jujubes here, it has the advantages of high kernel yield, low cost, easy reproduction and drought resistance, so most of them are grafted with sour jujubes! The advantages of using the natural root tiller seedlings of the jujube tree as rootstock are:

It has a good effect on the growth and fruiting of the thorn, but the number is limited, which can not meet the needs of a large number of cultivated seedlings, and the existence of these root tiller seedlings is not conducive to the cultivation and intercropping of jujube orchard.

In the long run, it is distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan and other places. It is reported that the grafted jujube of the copper money tree grows well, but it is not cold and drought tolerant, and is suitable for the south of the Yangtze River. When choosing a rootstock, first of all, it should have a good effect on the growth and fruiting of the scion; Secondly, the reproduction capacity is cut straight down, about 3 4 cm deep.

The base of the scion is cut into a wedge shape of 3 4 cm long on both sides, and then the rootstock is pried open with a knife, and the scion is inserted, and one side of the anvil is aligned with the cambium for the final tie. Immediately with a knife, the rootstock is cut into a semi-wedge shape and the outer epidermal membrane is gently scraped (the rootstock is about centimeter stubble) and inserted into the grafted cortex, and the wound surface is tightened with a plastic belt from bottom to top. Notes:

The plastic must be pulled tightly with one hand and wrapped tightly with the thumb of the other hand.

The rootstock used for grafting and breeding jujube seedlings is generally sour jujube seedlings, which can enhance the drought tolerance and infection resistance of winter jujube. Survival and yields are improved, and taste is better.

Jujube seedlings, mainly this jujube seedlings, its survival rate is very high, and the growth rate is also very fast, which can better survive and will not affect the growth.

It is better to use sour jujube seedlings as rootstock for grafting and breeding jujube seedlings. The main reason is that the jujube seedlings themselves have strong drought resistance.

Jujube grafting season month.

The suitable time for jujube tree grafting is in spring and autumn every year, and the specific time is from March to April in early spring and September to November in autumn. Grafting is best chosen in autumn. After grafting, the plant can enter the normal growth stage in about three months. At this time, the climate is warmer, which is more conducive to germination and fruiting.

Jujube tree grafting method.

Jujube generally has four grafting methods: skin grafting, splitting grafting, abdominal grafting, and bud grafting. The most commonly used grafting method is skin grafting, also known as subcutaneous grafting. This method is suitable for cases where the thickness of the rootstock is greater than the thickness of the scion.

First, cut the scion into smooth 3-5 cm long sections. To facilitate insertion, cut the bottom end of the long section into a short bevel on the back, cut the rootstock where the bark is smooth, flatten the cross-section, and cut the longitudinal opening with a knife on the side of the rootstock to penetrate deep into the xylem. When inserting the scion, cut the short side of the branch outward, the long side inward, and then insert it downward against the seam.

Do not insert all the cut surface of the scion into the rootstock, the upper part is whiter to help the wound heal. Finally, the wound is tied with a plastic strip.

Precautions for jujube tree grafting.

1.Three days before the grafting of the jujube tree, it should be noted that the rootstock should be watered sufficiently, and it should be watered again immediately after grafting to increase the water content of the rootstock. 2.

After grafting, adventitious buds on the rootstock are easy to germinate, which will affect the survival and growth of grafted buds. It is necessary to eliminate the germination of rootstocks in time. Generally, it takes 3 to 4 times to germinate, so that the plant has sufficient nutrients to heal.

3.Generally, after the grafted seedlings survive, they need to be untied once in mid to late June, and completely untied at the end of August. At the same time, the branches of the scion germination and the wide bright branches should be tied tightly to avoid grafting failure caused by strong winds.