Seek the translation of Liu Xiang s book of Warring States Policy .

After Kong Lao Er died, the Tian clan (I don't know who) took the state of Qi, and Liuqing (I don't know who) divided the Jin, and there was no royal law and no order. Hey.

Introduction] The Warring States Policy, also known as the "National Policy", records the ideas and strategies of the Zongheng family during the Warring States Period, reflects the social outlook of the time and the major political, economic, military and diplomatic activities of various countries, and is an important classic for the study of the history of the Warring States Period. The book is divided into 12 policies, 33 volumes, and a total of 497 articles. The recorded history, from the destruction of the Fan clan by Zhibo in 490 B.C., to the departure of Gao gradually in 221 B.C. to build the attack on Qin Shi Huang without accompanying Wang, about 120,000 words.

The author of "Warring States Policy" is unknown, and it is certainly not written by one person at a time. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang found six kinds of texts when he was proofreading group books, and the content was confusing and the text was incomplete. So, he revised and compiled it according to the country, and named it "Warring States Policy".

The Warring States Policy is beautifully written, the language is vivid, the arguments are clear, the wit is full of eloquence, the characters are described in a vivid way, and often interspersed with allegories in the text, which is used to illustrate abstract truths, which can be called a model of argumentative essays. Famous fables include "Painting a Snake to Add Feet", "Mending the Dead", "Three Holes of the Cunning Rabbit", "Fox and False Tiger Might", etc., "Warring States Policy" occupies an important position in the history of classical literature in China, and has had a profound impact on the literary turmoil of later generations.

During the Western Han Dynasty, there were many historical materials left over from the Warring States period in the secret rooms of the palace, but these historical materials were incomplete, and only half of the characters on some fragments were left, such as "Zhao" (traditional Chinese writing "Zhao") The character only "Xiao" remained, and such errors were common. The imperial court entrusted the task of sorting out these historical materials to Liu Xiang, a scholar at the time.

In the process of collation and revision, Liu Xiang divided the historical materials into countries, and compiled the materials such as "National Policy", "State Affairs", "Short and Long", "Words", "Long Book" and "Repair Book" into 12 countries at that time, and named it "Warring States Policy".

The characters recorded in the Warring States Policy are complex, including vertical and horizontal families such as Su Qin and Zhang Yi, as well as righteous people such as Lu Zhonglian and Tang Ju (jū), as well as warriors Jing Ke and Nie Zheng, who are not afraid of death. The characters in the book are realistic, and they are good at using clever and vivid metaphors to enhance the appeal of the article through interesting fables.

The Warring States Policy had a great influence on the formation of Sima Qian's "Historical Records". Because the book is too chasing fame and fortune, it exaggerates the role of the Zonghengjia, which is inconsistent with Confucianism in later generations and reduces its historiographical value.

Knowledge Base]

Let's each compete to draw snakes on the ground, and whoever draws it first will drink the pot of wine, how about it? One man was the first to finish drawing the snake, and when he saw that the others had not finished drawing, he triumphantly said, "I'll add a few more legs to it!"

But before he could finish drawing his feet, another man drew the snake. The man snatched the pot and said, "The serpent has no legs, so how can you add feet to it?"

With that, he drank the wine from the jug. The man who painted the snake's feet ended up losing the pot of wine that was almost up to his mouth.

Zou Ji is more than eight feet tall and has a beautiful appearance. The court clothes were dressed in the mirror, and his wife said: "Who am I with Xu Gongmei in the north of the city?"

This article is written by Zou Ji, who is self-aware, and realizes that a person who is surrounded by favorites, fears, and seekers may not be able to hear the truth of Zituan, which may lead to a completely wrong judgment.

He used his personal experience to advise King Qi Wei, and finally made King Wei obey.

The language of this article is concise, the syntax is changeable, such as the dialogue between Zou Ji and his wife, concubine, and guest, three questions and three answers, and the content expressed is exactly the same, but due to a slight change in syntax, the article seems lively and not sluggish.

"sarcasm" refers to the use of euphemistic language to admonish.