What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease and what are the risk factors for coronary hear

Risk factors for coronary heart disease include:

1.including elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (see Dyslipidemia) 2.Lipoprotein A levels are elevated.

3.Decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

4.Diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes).

5.Smoking.

6.Corpulent.

7.Lack of physical activity.

8.Apolipoprotein B levels are elevated.

elevated reactive protein levels, etc.

According to the MSD Manual, smoking may be a strong factor in myocardial infarction in women, particularly those < 45 years of age. Genetic factors, systemic disorders (eg, hypertension, hypothyroidism), and metabolic disorders (eg, hyperhomocysteinemia) also play a role. Elevated apolipoprotein B levels in the presence of normal total cholesterol or LDL levels indicate an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Elevated levels of C-reactive protein indicate plaque instability and inflammation and are a stronger ischemic event** factor than elevated LDL levels. High triglyceride and high insulin levels (suggestive of insulin resistance) are also possible risk factors, but there is insufficient evidence to support them. Smoking, a diet high in fat and calories, low in phytochemicals (in fruits and vegetables), low in fiber, low in vitamin C d E, relatively low intake of -3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS, at least in some populations), and poor stress management can increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease; Fear of getting angry. Fear of agitation. Can't exercise for long periods of time.

Patients with long-term myocardial ischemia develop coronary heart disease because they do not get the correct method**;

If coronary heart disease is not timely**, the next step is easy to form a myocardial infarction.

You have to know: whatever the disease needs is **! Rather than maintaining, controlling can be solved.

The main risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease are divided into modifiable risk factors and non-modifiable risk factors.

1. The modifiable risk factors are:

High blood pressure, dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, overweight Obesity, hyperglycemia Diabetes, unhealthy lifestyle including smoking, unreasonable diet, high fat, high cholesterol, high calories, etc., lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and psychosocial factors.

2. The non-modifiable risk factors are:

Gender, age, family history. In addition, it has been associated with infections such as cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, etc.

The main risk factors for coronary heart disease, considering the specific situation are as follows:

1. Age and gender: It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, and the incidence rate in women is relatively low, because estrogen has the effect of fighting atherosclerosis, but age and gender are irrevocable risk factors.

2. Dyslipidemia: It is the most important risk factor for coronary heart disease, and the increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

3. Hypertension: The incidence of coronary heart disease in hypertensive patients has also increased significantly.

4. Smoking: Compared with non-smokers, smokers have 2-6 times higher morbidity and fatality rates, and passive smoking is also a risk factor.

5. Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance: The incidence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is several times higher than that of non-diabetic patients, and the progression of the lesion is relatively fast.

6. Obesity: It is also a very important risk factor for coronary heart disease, so it is necessary to increase exercise and lose weight appropriately.

What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease? Risk factors for coronary heart disease include older age, male sex, family history of early-onset coronary heart disease, personal history of atherosclerotic disease, hypertension, smoking, elevated serum total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity. In recent years, studies have also found that some emerging risk factors, including pro-inflammatory factors, new lipid risk factors, procoagulant factors, and high homocysteine, are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

In addition, gene polymorphisms and genetic abnormalities also directly affect the regulation of lipoproteins, blood glucose, and blood pressure.

The risk of coronary heart disease rarely depends on a single risk factor, but in most cases is determined by the synergy of two or more risk factors, and the combined risk of multiple risk factors is much higher than the sum of the effects of a single risk factor.

Clinicians should pay attention to identifying individuals at high risk of coronary artery disease, intervening risk factors, and early detection of coronary artery disease.

1. Age: 55 years old for "male" and 65 years old for "female".

2. Gender: At any age in adulthood, the risk of men is higher than that of women, but the risk of women increases significantly after menopause and gradually approaches that of men.

3. Family history of premature coronary heart disease: first-degree relatives such as parents or siblings who have coronary heart disease or peripheral vascular disease before the age of 50 have a significantly higher relative risk of coronary heart disease than the general population.

4. Personal history of atherosclerotic disease: patients who have developed peripheral vascular disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack have an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

The risk factors for coronary heart disease include two parts, one is that the higher the risk of congenital coronary heart disease, the higher the incidence of male heart disease than female. After menopause, women lack the role of estrogen in protecting the vascular endothelium, and the proportion of seizures in men and women is similar.

Inheriting parental coronary heart disease is a fact that cannot be changed. Factors that can be changed are high blood lipids, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, etc., which can be controlled. Long-term diabetes is not well controlled, blood vessels are also prone to blockage, and if blood pressure is not well controlled, it is also an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Note that keeping your weight within a reasonable range is that risk factors for coronary artery disease are factors that may cause atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries to develop further and lead to worsening of stenosis.

The risk factors for coronary heart disease can be divided into controllable risk factors and uncontrollable risk factors, and the uncontrollable risk factors include family history, gender and other factors. Manageable risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia.

Specific risk factors for coronary heart disease are as follows:

1. Dyslipidemia: the increase of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and the decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease;

2. Hypertension: hypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, and the risk of cardiovascular events increases by 1 times for every 20mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and 10mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure;

3. Diabetes: Diabetes is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease;

4. Smoking: an average of 10 cigarettes a day can increase the cardiovascular mortality rate of men by 18% and women by 31%;

5. Genetic factors: coronary heart disease has a tendency to occur in familial clusters, family history is a strong independent risk factor, and patients with a family history of coronary heart disease have a double risk of coronary heart disease;

6. Age: Coronary heart disease increases with age, but now there is a trend of younger people;

7. Others: obesity and poor lifestyle, increased level of homocysteine in the blood, decreased physical activity, etc.

Coronary heart disease is very harmful, at the beginning of the symptoms there will be crushing pain, then there will be pain in the arms, back and waist, there will often be good sweating, chest tightness and shortness of breath, and in severe cases, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction will occur.

In addition to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease may also cause various arrhythmias and heart failure due to myocardial ischemia, the most serious is ventricular fibrillation, and sudden death may occur, so patients should pay attention.

Scientific physical activity can increase the systolic function of the heart and the elasticity of blood vessels, which can change the hemodynamic effect. A well-trained person tends to have a slow and strong heartbeat, increased myocardial contractility, and no increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. After long-term exercise, it can increase the thickness of myocardium, expand the volume of ventricular diastole, increase the blood perfusion of coronary arteries in the heart, and can effectively prevent myocardial infarction and hypertension.

The risk factors that lead to coronary heart disease are mainly as follows:

1.Genetic factors, epidemiological surveys have shown that the risk of coronary heart disease in offspring of parents with a history of early onset of coronary heart disease is significantly higher than that of people without a family history of coronary heart disease. 2.

Age factor. With age, arteries will harden and endothelial function will decline, resulting in a great increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease.

3.Hypertension, diabetes, and chronic renal insufficiency are also risk factors that increase the incidence of coronary heart disease,4Poor lifestyle conditions such as smoking and obesity have also been shown to be risk factors for coronary heart disease.

5. Dyslipidemia, inappropriate elevation of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and other blood lipid components that cause atherosclerosis are strong risk factors for the onset of coronary heart disease, which will not only cause the incidence of coronary heart disease to rise, but also lead to malignant cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease.

6. Age, with the increase of age, the risk of coronary heart disease continues to increase.

7. Long-term psychological stress and irregular life are also risk factors for coronary heart disease.

The so-called risk factors are the leading hormones that lead to the emergence of coronary heart disease, and there are many leading hormones for coronary heart disease, and there are many patients from all walks of life and all ages, so we list them one by one

1. Advanced age: Coronary heart disease used to be called geriatric disease, which is not groundless, and elderly patients have serious arteriosclerosis

2. Hypertension: The three highs are the main inducing factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertension is one of the members.

3. Hyperlipidemia: The three highs are the main inducing factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia is one of the members.

4. Hyperglycemia: The three highs are the main inducing factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and hyperglycemia is one of the members.

5. Smoking: There are many harmful components in tobacco, nicotine causes nerve excitement, increased blood pressure, carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in the body, making the patient's body lack oxygen and blood viscous.

6. Obesity factor: Obese people have an unhealthy diet, and they definitely don't like to exercise, so they are naturally prone to chronic diseases.

7. Genetic factors: Children of patients with coronary heart disease are prone to coronary heart disease, which is mainly related to the same lifestyle and eating habits.

8. Mental factors: mood swings (long-term high pressure, irritable personality, major blows) lead to nervous system disorders, excitement, and vasospasm.

9. Spinal factors: spinal lesions (hyperplasia, rotation, scoliosis, twisting, etc. of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae) make nerve disorders and excitability, and vasospasm.

The main risk factors for coronary heart disease are the following:

1. Hypertension, hypertension is the first and biggest risk factor for coronary heart disease.

2. Smoking a lot, a lot of smoking will accelerate arteriosclerosis.

3. Hyperlipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, which can easily lead to the formation of atheroplaque.

4. Diabetes, especially diabetes for more than 10 years, can easily cause coronary artery lesions.

5. The age considered, the older the age, the higher the incidence of coronary heart disease, so the main risk factors for coronary heart disease are the above.

The coronary arteries are the arteries that supply blood to the heart.

Staying up late, stress, overeating, irregular life, high blood pressure, etc. are all predisposing factors for coronary heart disease.

My neighbor had a heart attack at the age of 28. He drives a big car all year round, stays up late to catch the car, and is too overdrawn. He watched the advertisement and took Yi Ning, and he has been very well maintained after the operation.

5 The nicotine in tobacco increases the heart rate, increases myocardial oxygen consumption, constricts peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries, and increases blood pressure. In addition, it can also increase the concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, and induce and aggravate atherosclerosis. Compared with non-smokers, the incidence of coronary heart disease and the incidence of mortality are increased by 2-6 degrees and are proportional to the amount of cigarettes smoked per day.

6. People with excess weight are more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease, especially rapid weight gain, and patients with central obesity are at greater risk.

7. The incidence of coronary heart disease in mental workers is greater than that in manual workers, and those who engage in less physical work or are more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease.

8. Long-term consumption of foods high in calories, animal fat, sugar and salt is more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease. Lack of antioxidants in the diet is also a susceptibility factor for coronary heart disease. In addition, chromium, manganese, zinc, vanadium.

A decrease in the intake of trace elements such as selenium, and an increase in the intake of lead, cadmium, and cobalt are more likely to lead to coronary heart disease.