The highest temperature in the universe is 1.4 trillion billion degrees, why is the lowest temperatu

Because according to the research and inference of scientists, when the temperature reaches -273 degrees, everything in the world will be frozen, so it is also called absolute zero.

The temperature of the object is related to the kinetic energy of the particle. The more active the particle, the higher the kinetic energy, the higher the temperature, and the least active particle is almost incomprehensible, which corresponds to absolute zero, so the temperature cannot drop indefinitely.

Because at -273 degrees, matter will be absolutely stationary, and at high temperatures, the speed can be very fast, so the highest temperature of the universe is billions of billions of degrees, but the lowest temperature is only -273 degrees.

10 minus 36 seconds after the formation of the universe, the temperature of the universe reached 1,000 billion trillion billions, and the highest temperature observed by humans was gamma rays.

Burst, the energy released in a few minutes can reach the sum of the energy released by the sun in 1 trillion years.

At present, through the observation of the universe, it is believed that the universe was originally formed in the same place, galaxies.

Observations of redshifts and cosmic microwave backgrounds allow us to know that the universe is expanding and cooling, and we can also infer that galaxies were relatively close together at the beginning, so that all galaxies have a common origin. Imagine compressing the universe, which is now 93 billion light-years in diameter, in a very small place, the density tends to be infinite, the energy generated by gravity is also very, very large, and the temperature is very high. It's hard to say exactly how high, but it's probably much higher than what humans can observe.

Gamma-ray bursts are the most intense energy in the universe when supermassive stars collapse and collide, neutron stars collide or black holes merge. It usually only lasts for a short time, but some have been found to last for hours. The energy released in a few minutes can reach the total amount of energy released by the sun in 1 trillion years, and the temperature is unusually high, and there is no life in the place where the erupted energy sweeps.

But they also provide an opportunity for the formation of new stars, and the ejected material energy is scattered in the universe, gradually condensing and forming stars.

The current theory is that only in the universe is great **.

Planck time (seconds) before the temperature reaches the Planck temperature. The highest known temperature in the universe was produced during the merger of binary neutron stars, at a temperature of 350 billion degrees. And the highest temperature made by humans is even higher than that, the Large Hadron Collider.

Put the protons and nuclei moving at high speed.

collided, resulting in a maximum temperature of up to 10 trillion degrees.

It's hard to say how high the temperature is, but just from the results of human observations, just a few seconds release a trillion years of energy released by the sun, and by the way, the sun's life span is only 10 billion years, and the temperature can reach 1 trillion degrees Celsius.

Above, even unimaginably high.

Theoretically, there is no upper limit to the maximum temperature of the universe. In essence, the temperature is actually generated by the motion of the particle, and the minimum temperature when the particle is at rest is , but the particle motion can be unlimited, so the temperature is also unlimited.

In thermodynamics, there is an upper limit to temperature, which is the maximum temperature, which is the Planck temperature, which is about the magnitude of . The existing theory is that the Planck time of the universe is the highest temperature in the universe. The highest known temperature in the universe was produced during the merger of binary neutron stars, at a temperature of 350 billion degrees.

It can reach tens of thousands of degrees, and the hottest place in the universe is near the black hole, where there are thousands of stars, and the temperature of these stars can reach up to fifty or sixty thousand degrees, where no life can survive.

Theoretically, not only does the low temperature have a lower limit, absolute zero, but also the high temperature has an upper limit, the Planck temperature. Regarding the limit of temperature, it is necessary to understand what the concept of temperature is.

Macroscopically speaking, the temperature reflects the degree of heat and cold. But on the microscopic level, the fundamental reason why objects have the phenomenon of cold and heat is the thermal motion of microscopic particles. Therefore, temperature is actually a measure of the intensity of thermal movement.

The thermal motion of a particle includes translation, rotation and vibration, so the total kinetic energy of a particle is also composed of translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy and vibrational kinetic energy. Taking a gas molecule as an example, if the translational degrees of freedom, rotational freedom, and vibrational degrees of freedom of a gas molecule are t, r, and s, respectively, then the average total kinetic energy is:

where k is the Boltzmann constant and t is the temperature.

As you can see, the average total kinetic energy is positively correlated with temperature. Then, the upper and lower limits of the average total kinetic energy also determine the upper and lower limits of temperature.

If all thermal motion ceases completely, there will be no heat generation from the object, so the temperature will drop to absolute zero, which is about . But quantum mechanics prohibits particles from being absolutely stationary, so it is impossible for the temperature to drop to absolute zero. The low temperatures achieved by humans in the laboratory are only getting closer to absolute zero, with the current minimum temperature being 10 billionths higher than absolute zero.

On the other hand, if the average total kinetic energy keeps increasing, the temperature will also increase. According to the special theory of relativity, kinetic energy becomes infinitely large as the speed approaches the speed of light, so does this mean that the temperature can be infinitely high?

As mentioned earlier, there is an upper limit to the temperature and it does not rise indefinitely. Because the thermal motion of the particle is so intense that its Schwarzschild radius will be larger than Planck's length, it will cause it to collapse into a black hole, which will itself enter an infinitesimal singularity. Therefore, the current theory of physics can only explain the Planck temperature.

If you want to be warmer than Planck, you need a theory of quantum gravity, which is not possible at the moment.

The theoretically calculated Planck temperature is about k, more than a billion billion billion degrees, and this upper limit was only reached at the first Planck time (seconds) of the birth of the universe.