What are the harmful substances in used batteries Natural science

Nowadays, people are inseparable from batteries almost every day in their social life. According to China's annual consumption of 7 billion 8 billion batteries, per capita consumes 5 to 6 batteries a year. The most commonly used batteries are pagers, cell phones, pocket radios, walkmans, remote controls, etc.

Taking pagers as an example, there are about 40 million pager users in the country at present, and a user needs to use at least six or seven batteries a year, and consumes about 250 million batteries a year.

Waste battery pollution and its treatment have become one of the most concerned environmental protection focuses in the society. The relevant person of the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration believes that with the continuous expansion of the types, production and use of batteries in China, the number and types of waste batteries are also increasing. Waste batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, and electrolyte solutions such as acids and alkalis, which are harmful to the human body and the ecological environment to varying degrees.

It is understood that the waste batteries that are more harmful to human health and the ecological environment and are included in the hazardous waste control list mainly include: mercury-containing batteries, mainly mercury oxide batteries; lead-acid batteries; Cadmium-containing batteries, mainly nickel-cadmium batteries.

There are mercury, lead, silver, cadmium harmful substances in used batteries.

And these harmful substances take a long time to dissolve. It will take 200 years to dissolve it.

Amateur Material:

1. Composition of the battery: dry battery, rechargeable battery composition: zinc skin (iron sheet), carbon rod, mercury, sulfate, copper cap; The battery is dominated by a compound of lead.

For example: the composition of No. 1 waste zinc-manganese battery weighs about 70 grams, including carbon rod grams, zinc picograms, manganese powder 25 grams, copper cap grams, and other 32 grams.

2. The hazards of waste batteries: The hazards of waste batteries are mainly concentrated in the small amount of heavy metals contained in them, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc. These toxic substances enter the human body through various routes, and long-term accumulation is difficult to eliminate, damaging the nervous system, hematopoietic function and bones, and can even cause cancer.

Lead: nervous system (neurasthenia, numbness of the hands and feet), digestive system (dyspepsia, abdominal cramps), blood poisoning and other pathologies. Mercury:

Altered mental status is a major symptom of mercury poisoning. Rapid pulse, muscle tremors, lesions of the oral cavity and digestive system. Cadmium, manganese:

It mainly harms the nervous system.

3. The way of environmental pollution of waste batteries: the components of these batteries are sealed inside the battery case during use, and will not affect the environment. However, after long-term mechanical wear and corrosion, the heavy metals, acids and alkalis inside leak out and enter the soil or water source, and then enter the human food chain through various ways.

The process is briefly described as follows: Pond soil microbial animal circulation dust crop food human neurodeposition disease. Experts believe that due to the characteristics of battery pollution with long cycle and large concealment, its potential harm is quite serious, and improper treatment will also cause secondary pollution.

According to Dr. Yang Yifu, some farmers in a coastal province in China poured out the waste liquid containing lead and sulfuric acid because of improper treatment of the lead in the lead-acid battery, which not only caused lead poisoning, but also made local crops unable to grow.

What you want: A No. 1 battery rots in the ground, which can make 1 square meter of soil permanently lose its use value;

One coin cell battery can contaminate 600 tons of water, which is equivalent to the amount of water a person drinks in a lifetime.

There are many types of pools, the materials of different types of batteries may be completely different, and the degree of pollution to the environment of different types of batteries is also different, so I thought that as far as the questioner's question is concerned, it should be classified and explained.

There are too many waste batteries to say, and many so-called harmful substances are actually valuable resources

The main harmful substance of zinc-manganese battery is mercury, and the reason why copper is also listed as a harmful substance is mainly because it belongs to heavy metals and its ions are toxic.

The main harmful substance of lead-acid batteries is lead, and the reason is similar to copper.

The main harmful substance of silver-zinc batteries is silver, and the reason is the same as above.

The main harmful substance of nickel-cadmium batteries is cadmium, and the upstairs said that it is harmful.

The main harmful substances of lithium batteries are the solvents in them, and some solvents are highly toxic.

All of the above metals include their ions.

Of course, there is no need to be so pessimistic, there are some environmentally friendly batteries, I only cite solar cells, such as the second generation of silicon solar cells, the third generation of dye-sensitized solar cells...

Waste batteries are classified as hazardous waste, and waste batteries are seriously harmful to the environment. Hazardous waste includes waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc., which require special and safe disposal.

Batteries are garbage.

Because the waste battery can not continue to be used, but there are still a large number of chemicals in the waste battery will cause damage to human beings and even the earth, so the battery must not be littered after the battery is used up, which will bring harm to the environment, the battery as the first garbage, mainly because the waste battery is harmful, and the waste battery can be collected for centralized scientific treatment. It is best to use a good battery in daily life, because a poor quality battery has a short service life, which will cause a lot of waste battery pollution. (For reference only, the specific classification requirements are subject to the territorial management department).

Yes, waste batteries belong to hazardous waste, not only pollution, in a certain environment, especially when encountering high temperature or open flames, it is very likely**!

Of course, waste batteries belong to hazardous waste, so waste batteries can not be used indiscriminately, which will lead to soil and water pollution, which need to be collected and disposed of centrally.

Used batteries are hazardous waste, and there are a lot of chemicals in them.

Contains a large number of heavy metals and waste acid, waste alkali and other electrolyte solutions, waste batteries contain heavy metals cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, manganese, etc., of which cadmium, lead, mercury is a substance that is more harmful to the human body, and nickel, zinc and other trapped pure metals are beneficial substances within a certain concentration range, the content in the environment is too high will cause harm to the human body, waste batteries seep out of the heavy metals will cause pollution of rivers, rivers, lakes, seas and other water bodies, endanger the survival of aquatic organisms and the use of water resources, and indirectly threaten human health, Waste electrolyte solutions such as rubric acid and waste alkali may pollute the land, making the land acidified and salinized.

Different batteries have different harmful substances, such as:

1. The main harmful substance of zinc-manganese battery is mercury, and the reason why copper is also listed as a harmful substance is that it is a heavy metal and its ions are toxic.

2. The main harmful substance of the lead cavity branch acid battery is lead.

3. The main harmful substance of silver-zinc electric Changyuanshenchi is silver.

4. The main harmful substance of nickel-cadmium batteries is cadmium resistance.

5. The main harmful substances of lithium batteries are the solvents in them, and some solvents are highly toxic.

All of the above metals include their ions.

Specialized**. The used battery is reused by **, and the most used industrial battery in China is the lead-acid battery, which accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of the battery, mainly using pyrometallurgical technology, hydrometallurgical process and solid-phase electrolytic reduction technology. The shell is plastic, which can be recycled, and basically no secondary pollution.

**Exploit the way it comes out:

1) Heat treatment.

In Switzerland, there are two factories that specialize in the processing of used batteries, and the method taken by Batrik is to grind the old batteries and send them to a furnace to be heated, at which point the volatile mercury can be extracted, and when the temperature is higher, zinc also evaporates, which is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused to form an iron-manganese alloy for steelmaking.

2) "Wet treatment".

A "wet treatment" plant is being built on the outskirts of Magdeburg, where all types of batteries, except for lead-acid batteries, are dissolved in sulphuric acid and then extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resins, resulting in a raw material that is purer than heat treatment and therefore more expensive on the market, and where 95% of the substances contained in the batteries can be extracted. Wet.

3) Vacuum heat treatment method.

The vacuum heat treatment method developed by the German company Alter is cheaper, but this first needs to sort out the nickel-cadmium battery in the waste battery, the waste battery is heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury evaporates quickly, and then the remaining raw materials are ground up, the metallic iron is extracted with magnets, and then nickel and manganese are extracted from the remaining powder.

1. Charging and missing batteries, button batteries, and mobile phone batteries.

2. The hazards of waste batteries are mainly concentrated in the small amount of heavy metals they contain, such as lead, mercury and cadmium. These toxic substances enter the human body through various ways of Fuzhenlu, and they are difficult to eliminate for a long time, damaging the nervous system, hematopoietic function and bones, and may even cause cancer.

3. Ordinary dry batteries are now mercury-free batteries, and they are not needed in some places. Specific classification requirements are subject to the local administration.

4. Mercury-free batteries are environmentally friendly, and the internal additives have been replaced by other materials. In fact, it is a relief because such batteries are still toxic and contain many heavy metals, but less toxic.