What are the main aspects of the Internet of Things in smart cities?

Smart city is the use of information and communication technology means to sense, analyze, and integrate the key information of the core system of urban operation, so as to make intelligent responses to various needs including people's livelihood, environmental protection, public safety, urban services, and industrial and commercial activities. Its essence is to use advanced information technology to realize the intelligent management and operation of the city, so as to create a better life for the people in the city and promote the harmonious and sustainable growth of the city. In 2009, the City of Dubuque partnered with IBM to build the first smart city in the United States.

Using the Internet of Things technology, in a community of 60,000 residents, various urban utilities (water, electricity, oil, gas, transportation, public services, etc.) are connected, and various data are monitored, analyzed, and integrated to make intelligent responses and better serve citizens. Dubuque's first step was to install digitally controlled water and electricity meters to all homes and shops, including low-flow sensor technology to prevent waste from water and electricity leaks. At the same time, a comprehensive monitoring platform is built to analyze, integrate and display data in a timely manner, so that the use of resources in the whole city is clear at a glance.

What's more, the city of Dubuque disseminates this information to individuals and businesses so that they have a clearer understanding of their energy consumption and a sense of responsibility for sustainable development. Based on the Internet, South Korea is building an ecological, smart city that is green, digital, and seamlessly connected. Through the integration of public communication platforms and ubiquitous network access, consumers can easily carry out distance education, medical care, taxation, and intelligent monitoring of home building energy consumption.

In 2010, IBM formally put forward the vision of "smart city", which believes that the city is composed of six core systems related to different types of networks, infrastructure and environment related to the main functions of the city: organization (people), business and government, transportation, communication, water and energy. These systems are not fragmented, but interconnected in a collaborative way.

The city itself is a macroscopic system made up of these systems. There are two important driving forces for the promotion of smart cities, one is the new generation of information technology represented by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and mobile Internet, and the other is the open innovation ecology of the city that is gradually nurtured in the knowledge society environment. The former is a technical factor at the level of technological innovation, and the latter is a socio-economic factor at the level of social innovation.

This shows the driving role of innovation in the development of smart cities. Professor Meng Qingguo, Secretary and Deputy Dean of the School of Public Policy and Management of Tsinghua University, pointed out that the new generation of information technology and innovation are the two genes of smart cities, and both are indispensable. The pilot of smart cities will also standardize and promote the healthy development of smart cities, build a new form of cities in the era of innovation, and lead the road of new urbanization with Chinese characteristics.

Let me take a look at this problem, on the question of how to build a smart city with the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things can be linked to all aspects of the entire city, and can be unified planning and management, centralized decision-making, and automatic planning, so it is called a smart city, which mainly includes traffic scheduling, various data detection in the city, safety supervision, emergency response, logistics management, work, medical and health, fire protection and environmental protection, smart parks and education, etc., and then elaborate.

The most important thing in the whole smart city may be smart transportation, the city is getting bigger and bigger, the vehicle population is increasing, and congestion is the norm, so the first step of the smart city is to create a real-time automatic scheduling of the traffic system, which can reasonably plan the complex traffic area, and reasonably dispatch vehicles and routes during peak periods, which requires the registration of vehicles in the city, the installation of Internet of Things equipment, and at the same time, the detection and traffic flow analysis of the main traffic nodes of the whole city, Feedback to the decision-making system to make scheduling decisions to ensure that the whole city is traffic dispatched.

The second aspect is the detection and supervision of various parameters of the city, including temperature and humidity, air pressure, various pollutants, and weather warning, to realize the visualization of various parameters of the entire city, and to display the travel roll in major areas, and to send people to deal with abnormal parameters. This also includes fire protection, monitoring of the entire city is building, installation of various Internet of Things systems, real-time detection and analysis, and early warning information can be directly transmitted to all relevant departments for emergency treatment. Then there is the smart emergency response, that is, the city manages the whole city in an emergency and gives way to emergencies, which requires the best digital office, which can receive emergencies in a timely manner and start unified management.

There is a problem in large cities is that the floating population is large, it is not easy to manage, and the smart city should strengthen the monitoring of the floating population with the help of the Internet of Things system in the era of the Internet of Things, mainly to develop the Internet of Things equipment, track and identify personnel at major intersections, enter information into the database, and carry out big data than the rest of the pair, which can monitor high-risk groups and use this information when needed. This is not only a part of the smart city, but also a part of the smart park and community. In the era of the Internet of Things, with the help of 5G high-speed and low-latency characteristics, we can use the smart education system to realize the sharing of high-quality educational resources throughout the city and promote fair and just education.

The main technologies are the Internet of Things, cloud computing and big data analysis, which involve sensor network layout, data transmission, scheduling algorithms, decision-making algorithms and so on.

Smart earth refers to the new generation of IT, Internet technology to make full use of all walks of life, the sensor embedded, equipped to the global hospitals, power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, through the Internet to form the "Internet of Things", and then through supercomputers and cloud computing, so that human beings work and live in a more refined and dynamic way, so as to improve the "level of wisdom" in the world, and ultimately "Internet + Internet of Things = smart earth".

Capture the market trend first, prepare the technology and operating model internally, and then announce the concept to the outside world, try to attract the wide attention of the industry and customers and stimulate their potential or hazy demand awareness, after obtaining the common needs from these first-line application manufacturers, focus on relevant research and launch products that meet the needs in the first time.

At the same time, the "broadcast" effect of the IBM concept will attract a large number of customers. Obviously, compared to the previous sales to customers, this model can not only strengthen IBM's image as a leader among customers, but also allow them to gain a larger market size.

The smart earth, also known as the smart earth, is to embed and equip sensors into various objects such as power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc., and are generally connected to form the so-called "Internet of Things", and then integrate the "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to realize the integration of human society and physical systems. The concept was first proposed by IBM CEO Beng Mingsheng.

The definition of the Internet of Things is a network that connects any item to the Internet for information exchange and communication through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., according to the agreed agreement, so as to realize the intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of items.

The Internet is a network that ignores the interconnection of multiple computer networks, regardless of the protocol or technology used.

A communication network, on the other hand, refers to a system that transmits information between users in different locations. It is also called a telecommunication network that belongs to the electromagnetic system. It is an important infrastructure for human beings to realize long-distance communication, using cables, wireless, optical fibers or other electromagnetic systems to transmit, transmit and receive logos, texts, images, sounds or other signals.

I think you are confusing these concepts with "triple play".

At the same time, in the Internet of Things, it is also divided into three levels: the perception layer, the network layer, and the application layer.