Important knowledge points and main formulas in special relativity

Acceleration and space warps are not taken into account.

The special theory of relativity explains it simply: the faster a person moves, the slower that person's time becomes, and when an object moves at the speed of light, then his time is at rest.

To give a layman's example: you see an object because it emits light, but if you move away from it at the speed of light, you won't see it. If an object is emitting a beam of light, then the light emitted before the second will never be seen, that is, the second will never pass, so time stops.

If it is less than the speed of light, then again, time will be shortened. It's like seeing a train coming, if it moves in the same direction as the speed of the train, the train won't overtake everyone.

The special theory of relativity can explain not only all the physical phenomena that classical physics can explain, but also some physical phenomena that classical physics cannot explain, and predict many new effects.

It leads to the fact that the speed of light is the ultimate velocity, which leads to the relative significance of simultaneity at different locations, predicts the contraction of length and the slowing of clocks, and gives Einstein's formula for the addition of velocity, the formula for mass change with velocity, and the mass-energy relationship. Also, according to the special theory of relativity, the rest mass of the photon must be zero.

1. General relativity: r uv-1 2 r g uv= t uv2, special relativity: s(r4,

3. Relative velocity formula: v=|v1-v2|1-V1V2 C 2)4, Relative Length Formula L=Lo* 1-V2 C 2)Lo5, Relative Mass Formula M=Mo (1-V2 C 2)Mo6, Relative Time Formula T=To* 1-V2 C 2)To7, Mass-Energy Equation E=mc 2

The theory of relativity is a theory about space-time and gravity, mainly founded by Albert Einstein, and can be divided into special relativity and general relativity according to the different objects of his research. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics revolutionized physics, and together they laid the foundations of modern physics. The theory of relativity has greatly changed mankind's "common-sense" concept of the universe and nature, and has put forward new concepts such as "simultaneous relativity", "four-dimensional space-time", and "curved space-time".

However, in recent years, there has been a new understanding of the classification of physical theories, which distinguishes classical and non-classical physics according to whether their theories are deterministic, that is, "non-classical = quantum". In this sense, the theory of relativity remains a classical theory.

The formula for special relativity: x= (x-ut) ; y=y ；z=z ；t=γ(t-ux/c^2) 。

Relativistic Mechanics:

1.Speed Transformation:

v(x)=(v(x)-u)/(1-v(x)u/c^2)v(y)=v(y)/(1-v(x)u/c^2))v(z)=v(z)/(1-v(x)u/c^2))2.Shrinkage effect: l = l or dl = dl 3

The clock slow effect should be simple: t= or dt=d 4Doppler Effect of Light:

a) = sqr ((1- )1+ ) b) The light source and the detector move in a straight line. )

5.Momentum expression: p=mv= mv, i.e. m= m.com

6.The basic equation of relativistic mechanics: f=dp dt

7.Mass-energy equation: e=mc 2

8.Energy momentum relation: e 2 = (e0) 2 + p 2c 2

The formula for special relativity: x= (x-ut) ; y=y ；z=z ；t=γ(t-ux/c^2) 。

Relativistic Mechanics:

1.Speed Transformation:

v(x)=(v(x)-u)/(1-v(x)u/c^2)v(y)=v(y)/(1-v(x)u/c^2))v(z)=v(z)/(1-v(x)u/c^2))2.Shrinkage effect: l = l or dl = dl 3

Slow Clock Effect: t= or dt=d

4.Doppler effect of light: (a)=sqr((1- )1+ )b) The light source and the detector move in a straight line. )

5.Momentum expression: p=mv= mv, i.e. m= m.com

6.The basic equation of relativistic mechanics: f=dp dt

7.Mass-energy equation: e=mc 2

8.Energy momentum relation: e 2 = (e0) 2 + p 2c 2

E is energy, M is mass, and C is the speed of light, which is the mass-energy formula, and the physical meaning of which is explained by the relationship between energy and mass.

e = the square of MC In 1905, Einz Maotan (1879-1955) published the special theory of relativity. This theory states that the only constant in the universe is the speed of light in a vacuum, and that everything else—the speed, length, mass, and elapsed time—varies with the observer's frame of reference (the particular observation). This theory forms a well-known formula:

e=mc2 The special theory of relativity holds that time is not absolute (i.e., fixed). Albert Einstein pointed out that time slows down as the linear motion of an object (as seen by the observer) increases. Second:

When any object moves at the speed of light, its length will be reduced to zero. It is proposed that time and space are absolutely coarse, and that space and time are completely separated. However, in relativistic mathematics, time and three-dimensional space—length, width, and height—together form a four-dimensional spatial framework called a space-time correlation set.

Einstein deduced from his special theory of relativity the isorock e=mc2 (where e is energy, m is mass, and c is the constant speed of light), and he used this equation to explain that mass and energy are equivalent. It is now believed that mass and energy are different forms of the same substance, known as mass energy. For example, if the energy of an object decreases by a certain amount e, its mass also decreases.