What tests are done to confirm the diagnosis of Behcet s disease?

1. Laboratory examination.

Laboratory tests are important for Behcet's disease, and a complete blood test should be done for the patient's physical condition, which can detect anemia and normal or low white blood cells. In some patients, the C-protein response is significantly increased, and anti-oral mucosal antibodies can be detected in serum in more than 40% of the population.

2. Radiological examination.

X-rays can detect pulmonary, cardiovascular, and digestive abnormalities in patients with Behcet's disease; In addition, colonoscopy or lower gastrointestinal angiography can detect intestinal ulcers in time. If there is a suspicion that the patient has a macrovascular lesion, an angiogram can be performed to determine the location of the lesion and the degree of damage, etc., to help the attending physician's work.

3. Physical examination.

Depending on the patient's condition, a physical examination, such as an ophthalmologic examination, can be used to detect whether the patient has symptoms of retinal hemorrhage; Fundus fluorescence contrast is also used to detect early retinal vasculopathy.

The examination is very important, in conjunction with the results of the examination**. In particular, the patient's organs are affected and bed rest is required. In terms of drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mostly used, which can play an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and can effectively alleviate the symptoms of fever and erythema nodosum.

In particular, if the condition is severe, immediate surgery is required to cooperate with postoperative care.

Behcet's disease is a disease of the whole immune system that can be tested in a rheumatologist and immunology, and some people are diagnosed by their own symptoms.

There is no specific serology and is a common test for Behcet's disease. There are no abnormalities in the spectrum of antinuclear antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and antiphospholipid antibodies, and there may be an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), an increase in C-reactive protein, an increase in globulin values, and a mild increase in leukocytes during the active phase of the disease. This is a common test for Behcet's disease.

The specific method is as follows: sterilization**, use a sterile intradermal needle to puncture the skin in the middle of the flexion surface of the forearm, and then withdraw, 48 hours later, observe the ** reaction of the needle prick, if there is a red papule or red papule accompanied by white blister, it is regarded as a positive result. Patients may also have a positive needle prick when undergoing venipuncture or intramuscular injection**, and venipuncture is more likely to be positive than intradermal puncture.

There is no specific test to confirm the diagnosis of Behcet's disease, which is a chronic autoimmune disease and a type of systemic vasculitis. It is necessary to actively improve the relevant examinations, mainly to rule out other connective tissue diseases, and to exclude infectious neoplastic lesions.

Therefore, mainly for differential diagnosis, laboratory tests are required, including blood routine, blood sedimentation rate, liver and kidney function, complement, immunoglobulin, antinuclear antibody profile, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, antiphospholipid antibody, and urine routine, as well as acupuncture.

If necessary, some imaging tests can also be done, such as ultrasound, angiography or MRI, as well as biopsy and pathology for ** or kidney lesions.

At present, there are no specific serological tests for Behcet's disease, such as antinuclear antibodies, Anka antibodies, etc., and there are no specific tests for Behcet's disease, unlike rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus, which have some specific autoantibody tests. Patients with Behcet's disease are often associated with tuberculosis infection, and PPD tests may be done or tested positive for tuberculin. If it is strong positive, it can be helpful in diagnosing Behcet's disease.

In addition, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) can be checked, and ESR may be mildly elevated in Behcet's patients. Clinically, it can also do acupuncture response test, which is the only ** test with strong specificity in Behcet's disease. Of course, the practice varies from hospital to hospital, but after disinfection, a sterile intradermal needle is used to puncture the skin in the middle, and then withdraw, and the reaction of the needle is observed after 48 hours.

If there are erythematous papules or white blisters, the result is positive.

In addition, if a rash usually appears at the blood drawing site, injection site, or injection site, it can be considered a positive skin test reaction, and it can also be used as a basis for diagnosing Behcet's disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by clinical findings and other laboratory tests, including the presence of ocular meningitis, uveitis, and mouth ulcers. However, it should be distinguished from other diseases, such as oral ulcers caused by immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, as well as ** reactions caused by other diseases.

Therefore, a definitive diagnosis can only be made through differential diagnosis.

(1) Ophthalmic examination: ophthalmoscopy with retinal hemorrhage; Slit-lamp examination for corneal ulcer, iridocyclitis, uveitis; Fundus fluorescein contrast to detect early retinal vasculopathy.

2) Acupuncture test: Puncture with a 20-gauge needle at an angle under sterile conditions**. Observation: positive if an abscess or folliculitis develops after 24 or 48 hours with a red circle around it (red halo).

3) Colonoscopy or lower gastrointestinal angiography: helps to detect intestinal ulcers.

4) Angiography: If macrovascular lesions are suspected, angiograms can be done to determine the location of the lesion and the extent of damage.

5) Blood picture: normal or slightly increased white blood cells.

6) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Patients with multi-organ damage often have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate;

7) Tuberculosis screening test: Because the incidence of many patients in China is related to tuberculosis, chest X-ray, PPD test and anti-tuberculosis antibody tests are required.

8) Some other rheumatic diseases have manifestations similar to Behcet's disease, so screening autoantibody tests such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor can be performed.

If the diagnosis is to be confirmed, it needs to be analyzed in combination with clinical symptoms, such as whether there are oral ulcers and eye inflammation, and it is necessary to combine blood routine, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and magnetic resonance examination to confirm the diagnosis.

The examination includes some autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, inflammatory indicators such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, infection indicators such as tuberculosis and viruses, and organ function indicators. Other ancillary examinations include ophthalmology examinations, vascular ultrasound, brain magnetic resonance, joint ultrasound, etc.

Laboratory tests should be done, that is, laboratory tests, such as autoimmune antibodies, because there is connective tissue disease, there can also be oral ulcers that are reversed, sometimes it is not easy to distinguish from Behcet's disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, but patients with lupus erythematosus can have positive specific antibodies, such as anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, etc., while patients with Behcet's disease generally do not have positive autoantibodies.

It is also necessary to do a test for vasculitis, Behcet's disease can also affect large blood vessels, and it is necessary to distinguish it from other diseases that cause large blood vessel involvement, and ANCA examination can help diagnose it.

It is an imaging examination, such as an ophthalmologic examination, ophthalmoscopy to check for retinal hemorrhage, cress lamp to check for corneal ulcers, iridocyclitis, uveitis, and early detection of retinal vascular lesions.

Colonoscopy or lower GI angiography can help detect intestinal ulcers.