Pancreatic cancer How is it diagnosed, and what tests are needed to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

In order to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, it is necessary to perform a cytological and histological diagnosis, obtain pancreatic tissue, and then perform a pathological section, and finally confirm the diagnosis. Because the stomach is in front of the pancreas, a fine needle puncture can be performed through the posterior wall of the stomach, and certain cells can be removed for pathological diagnosis. Pancreatic tumors sometimes invade the biliary tract, and patients who invade the biliary tract can undergo ERCP, which travels through the mouth to the stomach and then to the duodenum, and retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used for retrograde examination.

The early diagnosis rate of pancreatic cancer is not high, and there are only 2 ways to diagnose it! Doctor: Not recommended.

Pancreatic cancer can be diagnosed by tumor marker determination, CEA detection, laparoscopy and other related examinations. If you want to confirm whether you have this disease, you should go to a regular hospital on an empty stomach in the morning for examination; If pancreatic cancer is diagnosed, you should actively cooperate with the doctor for surgical resection or chemoradiotherapy.

1. Endoscopic ultrasound imaging: It is mainly to install an ultrasound probe at the top of the gastroscope, which can clearly see the pancreatic body, pancreatic tail and peripancreatic tissue blood vessels, especially for the diagnosis of small pancreatic cancer, which can diagnose pancreatic cancer <1cm.

2. Pancreatic cancer CT scan: It can have a good judgment on the location, size and surrounding blood vessels of the tumor, and can clearly see whether the adjacent organs and tissues are damaged, infiltrated, and whether there is lymph node metastasis.

3. Magnetic resonance imaging: It is of great significance to determine whether there is local invasion and metastasis in the early stage of pancreatic cancer, especially for small pancreatic cancer confined to the pancreas, peripancreatic spread and vascular invasion.

Go to the hospital and ask the doctor!!

The methods of early screening for pancreatic cancer are as follows:

When a person has pancreatic cancer, his CA199 will have an unexplained increase, but it is not very specific, at most 40%-50% positive rate. In other words, if the CA199 index is high, it may be pancreatic cancer, but it is not necessarily pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract inflammation and cholecystitis can also cause the CA199 index to increase. A low CA199 index does not necessarily mean that it is not pancreatic cancer.

However, pancreatic ultrasound has many limitations, such as the gas in the patient's stomach and intestines, which may affect the recognition of ultrasound doctors.

This invasive procedure involves the use of a gastroscope. The gastroscope carries an ultrasound probe and probes it to the back wall of the stomach to take a look, and you can also see a tumor about one centimeter long. However, even if a tumor is found in the pancreas with gastroscopy, it is not as easy to get the pathology as a stomach tumor.

When doing pancreatic endoscopy, it is necessary to penetrate the posterior wall of the stomach and puncture the pancreas, so it is very difficult to obtain the pathology.

In fact, pancreatic cancer does not have a clear phenogen, but the result of a variety of comprehensive effects. To prevent pancreatic cancer, we can only prevent it comprehensively, try to prevent and treat chronic inflammation of the pancreas, and establish good living habitsIt is necessary to pay attention to regular cancer screening and physical examination, early detection, early diagnosis, and standardization.

1 Pancreatic cancer screening can generally be done through abdominal ultrasound examination, which is the main screening method.

There is also the examination of tumor markers, mainly carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); There is also CA19-9, which is a tumor marker with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Therefore, during the physical examination, we can draw blood to check the relevant tumor markers, if there is CA19-9 or CEA is significantly elevated, we should do further relevant examinations of the pancreas, B ultrasound or CT of the pancreas, etc., to find out whether the pancreas has tumors.

2 The most common symptom of pancreatic cancer is abdominal pain, and the location of abdominal pain is generally epigastric pain. There is also jaundice, especially pancreatic head cancer, which is the most common clinical manifestation. On physical examination, some patients may feel a lump in the upper abdomen.

The most common symptoms are digestive symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen after eating, and a decrease in appetite.

3 The basic strategies for pancreatic cancer** include surgery**, neoadjuvant blinding**, postoperative adjuvant **, and systemic ** with inoperable resectable or metastatic lesions**, rescue and palliation of advanced pancreatic cancer**.

For resectable lesions without jaundice and metastasis, surgical resection is preferred, and if there is no evidence of metastasis and metastasis after surgery, adjuvant ** is preferred to participate in clinical trials.

For locally advanced pancreatic cancer that cannot be surgically removed, if there is jaundice, a stent or other method should be placed as soon as possible to relieve the obstruction, resolve the jaundice, and reduce the bilirubin level to improve the patient's symptoms and strive to create further opportunities.

For patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who have metastatic jaundice and are in good general condition, it is also recommended to participate in clinical trials first.

For patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after surgery**, participation in clinical trials is preferred, and systemic chemotherapy can also be selected.

Radiation**for adjuvant to resectable pancreatic cancer**, local unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer**, and**postoperative adjuvant and palliative for advanced lesions**.

4. The pancreas is located retroperitoneum, deep in location, and often has no specific clinical manifestations in the early stage of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, when pancreatic cancer is discovered, it is generally at an advanced stage.

Pancreatic cancer is surrounded by blood vessels and nerves, and once it is found in an advanced stage, it is very difficult to operate and difficult to remove it surgically, which is the main reason for the low surgical resection rate of pancreatic cancer.

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