Bashu History and Culture Formative Assessment Book Answers

Bashu culture includes Ba culture and Shu culture. Ba culture (bāwén huà), also known as Bashu Zhichai culture, is the sum of all the material culture, spiritual culture and social structure jointly created by the Ba royal clan and the Ba ethnic groups in the southwest and south-central regions of ancient China.

Pakistani culture: In the late Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was mainly based on the upper reaches of the Han River. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the culture of Pakistan expanded, reaching the northern edge of Daba Mountain in the south and Xiangyang in the east; At the beginning of the Warring States Period, the country moved south to the main stream of the Yangtze River, and successively established the country between the Qingjiang River and the Sichuan Gorge to the east of Sichuan. In these places, a large number of relics of Pakistani culture have been left behind.

Badi Culture: Including the indigenous Neolithic culture of the whole territory of present-day Chongqing, eastern Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou and southwestern Hubei Province, it is archaeologically called the early Ba culture of Leaky Cherry Blossom. From the Neolithic period to the late Spring and Autumn period, these cultures developed and evolved in the local area, and the rise and fall of the period lasted for one or two thousand years.

Ba culture in complete significance: At the beginning of the Warring States period, Pakistan traced the river into Chongqing, and began to integrate the bronze culture with the local indigenous Neolithic culture, and also integrated the Pakistani culture with the Badi culture. This is the formation of Ba culture in a complete sense.

The Ba people are an ethnic group in the southwestern and south-central regions of ancient China. According to the research of experts and scholars, the geographical scope of "Ba" is roughly defined in the whole territory of Chongqing, from Hanshui in the north, to the Qingjiang River basin in western Hubei in the south, to Yichang in the east, and to the east of Sichuan in the west.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it developed westward, and finally established the country of Pakistan with Chongqing as the center, and gradually created its own culture. In the process of tribal migration, the culture of the Ba people was able to spread along the way and also to communicate with other tribes. After the unification of the Qin and Han dynasties, the Ba culture and the Chu culture began to integrate into the Chinese culture, but at the same time, the Ba and Chu people always maintained their local cultural characteristics.

The spread of this multi-faceted and fierce search culture has continued to this day, and has become an important link between ancient and modern Pakistani cultures.

Bashu culture refers to the unique culture formed in the Bashu region in ancient China, and its narrow scope includes the current Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and other regions. Bashu culture has a long history and rich connotation, and is one of the important parts of Chinese culture. Sichuan is rich in tourism resources, famous for its natural scenery and cultural landscape, among which there are some tourist attractions related to Bashu culture.

For example: Jinsha Ruins: Located in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, it is an ancient site from the late Neolithic Age to the Warring States Period, and is known as the "Cradle of Ancient Shu Civilization".

Located in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, it is one of the largest stone carved Buddha statues in the world, an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese carving art, and one of the important heritages of Bashu culture. Dujiangyan Scenic Area: Located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, it is the site of Dujiangyan, a grand water conservancy project in ancient China, and is also one of the important parts of Bashu culture.

To sum up, Bashu culture is inseparable from Sichuan tourism, and many of the tourist attractions in Sichuan are related to Bashu culture, which can not only feel the historical charm of Bashu culture, but also appreciate the beauty of Sichuan's natural and cultural landscapes.

Ba and Shu people, before the Warring States period, were actually two concepts. Ba people are mainly distributed in Chongqing, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei regions, but also cover southern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou and western Hunan and other places, the ancient meaning of "Ba" is "the giant python that swallows elephants", so the totem of the Ba people is a snake and a tiger.

The Shu people are mainly distributed in the central and western plains of the Sichuan Basin and the surrounding mountainous areas, the ancient meaning of "Shu" is "the silkworm in the sunflower", and the totem of the Shu people is a bird. They shaped two different cultures: "Shu culture" and "Ba culture".

After the Warring States Period, the people used to call Ba and Shu together: Bashu. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" recorded:

The land of Bashu) floods and droughts from the people who do not know the ...... of hungerIt is called Heaven". In the past, the land of Guanzhong was called the country of abundance, fertile fields for thousands of miles, and the products were abundant, and since then, the land of Bashu has also been called "the country of abundance".

The Shu people were the first to enter present-day Chinese mainland, and their ancestors migrated from distant East Africa for tens of thousands of years, along the coastline of the Indian Ocean to Southeast Asia, and then part of them from Myanmar through the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Western Sichuan Plateau to the area of Mao County, Aba Prefecture, forming the ancient Qiang people.

Before the creation of agricultural civilization, the hunter-gatherers had to migrate along the seas and forests, leaving behind many remnants of migration along the way (see below). The ancient Qiang people continued to migrate north to the Weihe Plain, the upper reaches of the Yellow River Valley, where they entered the agricultural era and created the later Chinese civilization. And the one that stayed behind also created the ancient Shu civilization with a long history (including the Ba civilization).

Bashu culture refers to the culture of Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality. The Ba culture was centered in Chongqing, and the Ba people established the first capital of Ba in Yicheng (in present-day Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei). Later, it was active in the whole territory of Chongqing, western Hubei, eastern Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and northern Guizhou.

Shu was formed by the fusion of three ancient ethnic groups, and later became the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was said that "Shu and Xia have the same origin" and "Yu Xing in Xiqiang" and so on. Including western Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, and northern Yunnan. The integration of Ba and Shu is already after the Warring States period.

By the time of Shang to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Shu people and the ethnic groups in the Yellow River Valley had cultural exchanges. The pottery unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty such as deep-bellied bean-shaped ware, high-handled bean, small flat-bottomed bowl, etc., although it has local characteristics, but the copper arrowhead, copper ge, and copper spear are common in the Yellow River Basin. The jade ritual vessels unearthed from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period are consistent with those found in the Central Plains.

<> Xu Zhongshu. Bashu culture refers to the regional culture and landization of the Sichuan Basin. Bashu culture is not only an excellent regional culture, but also a member of China's excellent traditional culture. [4]

Ba culture is centered in the northeastern region of Sichuan Province (Bazhong, Dazhou, Langzhong). The Ba people are active in eastern Sichuan, western Hubei, the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing, southern Shaanxi and northern Guizhou. The national key protected sites of Ba culture include Luojiaba site (Xuanhan County, Sichuan) and Chengba site (Qu County, Sichuan).

The Shu culture was formed by the fusion of three ancient ethnic groups, centered on the Deyang and Chengdu regions. The national key protected sites of Shu culture are: Sanxingdui site (Guanghan City, Sichuan) and Jinsha site (Qingyang District, Chengdu). After the Shu Kingdom became the Western Zhou Dynasty, it included western Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, and northern Yunnan.

The integration of Ba and Shu is already after the Warring States period. (Note: Zi Mo: "In 316 BC, the Bashu two countries were destroyed by Qin).