How to treat hyperthyroidism, how to treat hyperthyroidism

There are three approaches to hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and surgery.

Antithyroid drugs** are suitable for a wide range of applications, whether adults and children, men or women, mild or severe hyperthyroidism, the first onset or hyperthyroidism**, pregnant women or breastfeeding women can use drugs for hyperthyroidism**. There are two types of antithyroid drugs - imidazoles and thiouracils, which are represented by methimazole (also known as "methimazole") and propylthiouracil (also known as "propyne").

The drug is suitable for pregnant women, children, and patients with mild thyroid enlargement, and generally takes 1 or 2 years, and the dose of the drug needs to be increased or decreased according to thyroid function. There are some drugs **, including granulocytopenia, drug allergy, impaired liver function, joint pain and vasculitis, and the initial stage of the drug needs to be closely monitored, especially agranulocytosis, and the patient needs to be warned that once fever and sore throat appear, granulocytes need to be checked immediately to determine whether there is agranulocytosis, once it appears. Discontinue the emergency department immediately.

Another disadvantage of the drug is that the rate is high after discontinuation, which is about 50%.

Radioactive iodine** and surgery** are both destructive**, hyperthyroidism is not easy**, **only needs one time. Radioactive iodine is suitable for patients with moderate thyroid enlargement or hyperthyroidism**, and doctors calculate the dose of radiation required for each patient based on the rate of uptake of radioactive iodine by the patient's thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine is an absolute contraindication to pregnant and lactating women.

Because there is a delaying effect of radioactive iodine, hypothyroidism occurs at 3% to 5% per year with follow-up over time. Radioactive iodine** is not suitable for patients with hyperthyroidism who have thyroid eye disease, as the posterior eye disease may be exacerbated.

Surgery** is suitable for those who have significant thyroid enlargement, or who have a high suspicion of thyroid malignancy, or who have difficulty breathing due to thyroid enlargement that compresses the trachea. Before surgery, it is necessary to control thyroid function within the normal range with drugs, and oral compound iodine solution is also required to prepare for surgery.

Drugs** The use of thiourea drugs to inhibit the organic iodine in the thyroid gland and reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones, but this class of drugs does not inhibit the iodine uptake of the thyroid gland and the release of synthesized hormones, then receptor blockers should be added in the initial stage, such as propranolol, betalux, etc. However, it must be taken for a long time, generally within about one and a half to two years, the dosage can be gradually reduced until the drug is stopped. However, about one-third to one-half of patients will have recurrence, especially those with large necks or high dietary iodine intake (e.g., kelp, seaweed, iodized salt).

In addition, a small number of patients are before taking the drug.

Within two or three months, there will be **itching, rash or leukopenia (prone to fever, sore throat), abnormal liver function and other drug allergies Isotope**: Destroy thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine to achieve the purpose, known as "internal thyroid surgery". The thyroid gland has the ability to concentrate iodine and 131 iodine can release radiation biological effects, so that the thyroid follicular epithelial cells are destroyed, atrophied, and secreted to achieve the best purpose.

Usually patients only need to take it once, and if the effect is not good, it can be added again after three months or six months. **The thyroid gland will gradually shrink in size, and some patients will have too much thyroid destruction and become less functional. The rate of subtotal thyroidectomy is low, but the surgery is destructive and irreversible, and can cause some complications, so it should be carefully chosen.

Indications are: moderate or severe hyperthyroidism, long-term medication is ineffective, drug discontinuation**, or unwillingness to take long-term medication; Those with large thyroid gland or symptoms of compression; retrosternal goiter with hyperthyroidism; Nodular goiter with hyperthyroidism. Those who are not suitable for surgery** are:

those with infiltrative exophthalmos; Patients with severe heart, liver, kidney, and lung complications, and poor general condition that cannot tolerate surgery; first trimester (first 3 months) and third trimester (last 3 months); Patients with mild symptoms who are expected to be relieved by drugs**.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by too much thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It is more common in women. Excessive thyroid hormone can cause a series of clinical manifestations, such as heat intolerance, excessive sweating, hyperphagia, weight loss, palpitation, emotional tension and irritability.

Most patients with hyperthyroidism have goiter, which can range from mild to severe, and very few have thyroid gland.

There are three main types of hyperthyroidism: oral medication, radioactive iodine, and surgery.

Patients with hyperthyroidism are generally the first choice of anti-hyperthyroidism drugs**, anti-hyperthyroid drugs mainly include methimazole and propylthiouracil, liver function and blood routine need to be monitored during the taking process, some people taking anti-hyperthyroid drugs will cause a decrease in white blood cells or an increase in liver function, timely detection and give the corresponding hepatoprotective and white-white drugs, if there is a serious abnormal liver function or white blood cell decline, anti-hyperthyroid drugs need to be stopped. During the course of taking antihyperthyroid drugs**, thyroid function needs to be monitored regularly and the dosage of the drug should be adjusted. Generally, it takes more than one and a half years for hyperthyroidism to take anti-hyperthyroidism drugs, and there is a certain rate after stopping the drug.

For adverse reactions to taking anti-hyperthyroidism drugs, or if taking drugs for hyperthyroidism does not heal, it is recommended to undergo iodine 131** or surgery**. Iodine-131** hyperthyroidism is usually a one-time dose of isotope iodine, which is simple and convenient, but the incidence of permanent hypothyroidism is high, and it is not suitable for patients with exophthalmos.

Hyperthyroidism can also be treated with a large thyroidectomy**, and surgery**Hyperthyroidism may have surgical complications, such as the possibility of mistaking the parathyroid glands, resulting in hypoparathyroidism, or damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in hoarseness. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism must choose carefully under the guidance of a doctor according to their own hyperthyroidism.

Methods of hyperthyroidism include dietary conditioning, iodine-131**, surgery**, etc.

1. Dietary conditioning: If hyperthyroidism is not particularly serious, it can be improved through dietary conditioning, and try not to eat too much food with high iodine content, such as seaweed or seaweed.

2. Iodine 131**: Hyperthyroidism can generally be carried out by iodine 131, and the effect is also relatively good, and then it can mainly inhibit the effect of thyroid elevation, which is conducive to the improvement of adverse symptoms caused by hyperthyroidism.

3. Surgery**: In the case of severe symptoms of hyperthyroidism, it has led to obvious outward protrusion in the locality, and it is also necessary to cooperate with the doctor to do surgical resection to carry out **, so as to achieve the best effect.

There are three main ways of hyperthyroidism: 1. Oral anti-hyperthyroidism drugs, commonly used drugs are methimazole, propylthiouracil, etc., which are mainly used to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones as the main mechanism of action; 2. Radioactive iodine-131**, suitable for hyperthyroidism patients with leukopenia or liver function damage, or allergy to oral anti-hyperthyroidism; 3. Surgery**, this method is relatively rarely used.

Hyperthyroidism is a syndrome characterized by metabolic disorders caused by excessive thyroid hormone secretion, which is more common in young and middle-aged women. Patients with hyperthyroidism often have hypermetabolic symptoms such as heat intolerance and sweating, palpitations, polyphagia but weight loss, and tachycardia.

As the disease progresses, patients may experience complications of varying degrees, such as hyperthyroid heart disease, hyperthyroid ophthalmosis, chronic hyperthyroid myopathy, infertility, etc. If the condition is not controlled for a long time, there may be a life-threatening condition such as hyperthyroid crisis in more severe cases.

Therefore, for people with hyperthyroidism, it has been repeatedly emphasized that they must accept the correct ** in time to reduce the harm caused by hyperthyroidism. There are currently 3 ways to diagnose and treat hyperthyroidism, which should be diagnosed and treated according to the patient's own condition.

How is hyperthyroidism**? Three ** methods may be able to help a lot!

1. Taking antithyroid drugs: The drug is suitable for female patients with hyperthyroidism, or patients with mild disease and mild thyroid enlargement. However, the course of treatment of the drug** is longer, usually between one year and one and a half years, and long-term medication is required.

During the medication, patients may experience adverse reactions such as rash, headache, dizziness, and swollen lymph nodes.

It should be noted that it is necessary to ask the doctor in time to stop the drug or increase or decrease the drug, all under the guidance of the doctor. Patients should not stop the drug without permission, if there are rare adverse reactions such as jaundice and toxic hepatitis, they need to give feedback to the doctor when seeking medical treatment to check liver function.

2. Oral radioactive 131 iodine: This method is suitable for patients with hyperthyroidism who are unable to undergo surgery, surgery** and thiourea ineffective or allergic. However, it should be noted that it is not recommended for people with low leukocytosis, children, pregnant women, and lactating women.

Patients with severe liver and kidney insufficiency are also prohibited, and for people with hyperthyroidism, they must go to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment. According to the doctor's diagnosis and guidance, do not buy drugs for use or stop drugs, increase or decrease drugs.

3. Surgery**: Generally suitable for patients with compression symptoms and giant goiter**, for the iodine uptake rate of the thyroid gland.

The recovery rate of hyperthyroidism surgery is as high as 90%-95%, and the disadvantage is that it has a certain probability of complications, a small number of patients will have hypothyroidism after surgery, and 4%-5% of patients will have hyperthyroidism after surgery. However, these probabilities are low, and patients with hyperthyroidism who need surgery to ** should not be too worried, because there is a small probability of giving up the opportunity for diagnosis and treatment.

In recent years, the incidence of thyroid disease has gradually increased, which has a lot to do with the tight pace of modern life and the importance of thyroid examination. Patients who are diagnosed with hyperthyroidism should not be depressed and worried, because hyperthyroidism is a preventable and treatable disease. If you are diagnosed, you will actively accept it**, and as for which way to choose, you should judge it according to your own condition and the doctor's diagnosis and treatment.

Use of antithyroid drugs, such as thioureas: propylthiouracil, methioheatil; Imidazoles: methylflu imidazole, carbimazole.

Radioactive iodine-131** is used.

Surgery**, subtotal thyroidectomy.

For thyroid storm, avoid and remove triggers, actively ** hyperthyroidism, prevent infection.

Prevention and treatment of infiltrative exophthalmos, hyperthyroidism during pregnancy.

**For hyperthyroid heart disease, radioactive iodine** is preferred, and antithyroid drugs are used in patients who are not candidates for radioactive iodine**.