Whose work is Persuasion of Learning ? What s in it?

Zhang Zhidong's "Persuasion of Learning".

The purpose of the "Persuasion of Learning" is not only to tell readers how to understand and learn middle school and Western learning, but also the theory of "middle school as the body, Western learning as the application" throughout the whole article is actually the fundamental guideline formulated by Zhang Zhidong for the emerging reform and reform movement. He said in the chapter "Changing the Law" that the reform of the law is a matter for the imperial court, and the power of change and immutability is in the hands of the state, but whether the reform can succeed is often determined by the "discussion of the people's minds", and he believes that his theory of "Chinese style and Western use" represents this kind of "discussion of the mind". According to the principle of "Chinese body and Western use", what is forever immutable is ethics, sacred Tao, and mental art, which are the so-called "Tao books" in China and China, which are the ontology; What must change with the times is the legal system, equipment, and craftsmanship, and the West is superior to us in these aspects, and we should learn from and emulate them in order to maintain and strengthen the ontology.

In short, "middle school is the body, Western learning is the use", the essence of which is to use Western learning to maintain the Chinese body. Looking at the two sentences in the edict of Emperor Guangxu's determination to reform and change the law, "planting its foundation with the study of sages and righteousness, and learning from the West, and emphasizing the strength of those who are in charge of the times", we can know that the guidelines proposed by Zhang Zhidong are accepted.

It should be pointed out that the concept of "Chinese style and Western use" did not start from Zhang Zhidong. As early as the Opium War, Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan initially germinated the idea of using Western learning to make up for the shortcomings of middle school, advocating that "all the wings of foreign countries are the wings of China, and the long skills of foreign countries are the long skills of China." Later, Feng Guifen proposed that "the famous teaching of China is the original, supplemented by the art of prosperity and strength of all countries", and Zheng Guan should be more clearly stated as "the body of the middle school is also, the Western learning is not also, the main middle school is supplemented by Western learning".

Zhang Zhidong is just the culmination of this idea. Through his systematic and detailed explanation and exertion in the "Persuasion of Learning", "Chinese style and Western use" has truly become a value concept that is well known to the whole country and spoken by everyone, representing the most reasonable choice that people in that era can make in the face of the conflict between Chinese and Western cultures.

Persuasion. This paper expounds the importance of Qiaochai learning, explains the correct learning attitude, discusses the content and way of learning, and expounds the ultimate destination of learning.

"Persuasion of Learning" is a discourse written by Xunzi, a thinker and writer during the Warring States Period.

It is the first article of the book "Xunzi". This article comprehensively and profoundly discusses the issues related to learning from the aspects of the importance of learning, the attitude of learning, and the content and methods of learning.

The whole text can be divided into four paragraphs, the first paragraph explains the importance of learning, the second paragraph explains the correct learning attitude, the third paragraph discusses the content and ways of learning, and the fourth paragraph explains the ultimate destination of learning. The language of the article is concise, the metaphors are appropriate, the reasoning is in-depth, and the structure is rigorous, which represents the level of the mature stage of pre-Qin discourse.

Persuasion of Learning systematically discusses the purpose, significance, attitude and method of learning, and is an important article on learning in ancient times. The three excerpts here focus on the importance of learning and the attitude that should be taken in learning. The author repeatedly argues that human knowledge, talent, and moral character are not innate, but are acquired through study and accumulation.

Even the thoughts of a saint can be possessed through continuous learning and accumulation. Therefore, everyone should be single-minded, down-to-earth, and keep learning.

Paragraph gist: This article is excerpted from "Xunzi Persuasion".

of the . Paragraphs 3 and 6. Attitudes and methods that focus on the importance of learning:

In the first paragraph, the importance of learning is discussed. The first sentence makes the central argument of the whole text: "Learning is not a last resort.

This is followed by a series of illustrations, and finally shows that if one learns extensively and constantly reflects on oneself, one will be wise and wise, and will behave without fault.

In the second paragraph, the role of learning is discussed. The author first expounds the remarkable effect of learning from the front, then explains that the good effect is achieved because of external conditions, and finally deduces that people need to transform and improve themselves through learning.

The third paragraph explains the attitude that should be adopted when learning to sell tours. The whole section is divided into three layers:

The first level focuses on the need to accumulate knowledge; The second level emphasizes that learning is important in perseverance; The third level emphasizes that learning must be concentrated.

These three layers of meaning are in-depth, and they are very closely related.

The selected three paragraphs are integrated into a complete short essay that embodies the spirit of the original work. Catalogue of Persuasion Materials.

"Persuasion" is a famous article in "Xunzi" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.