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First of all, one of your concepts to correct is that when is not just followed by the past continuous tense, it can be followed by any tense.
Second, the past perfect tense refers to the "past past action", which may be a bit dizzy, so let's take a look at it in context. This clause, the past perfect tense is had happened, and the past tense is turned, that is, the thing is "happened" before 'I turned my head', so the past perfect tense is used.
Finally, here is the trying to. It is a way to denote an accompanying condition and is a way to use the present participle. Meaning: I look back and say "trying to. "Understood?
As for what you said was pushed why you don't use the past perfect tense, as mentioned earlier, it is an action that happened in the past past, and you analyze the three actions in this whole sentence, "turn", "happen", and "was pushed", and this pushed is the last thing that happened, right? So of course don't use the time of completion.
In the learning tense, it is very easy to confuse the past tense and the past perfect tense, it is recommended that you do more questions, understanding the concept is one thing, and doing more questions will also develop a sense of language in this area.
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The main clause is i was pushed onto the floor by a tall young man
When I turned around trying to find out what had happened is a temporal adverbial clause that is guided by when.
Trying is in the ing form because around is a preposition in front of it, and the verb after the preposition should be in the ing form.
To look at the tense of a sentence, you have to look at the predicate of the sentence, and the predicate of the main clause was pushed in the past tense (and it is in the passive voice), so the whole sentence expresses the past, and had pushed is the past perfect tense.
Look at the clause predicate is turned around in the past tense, ditto.
Generally speaking, the state of affairs of the main clause is generally the same, mainly looking at the main clause, and the clause only plays an auxiliary qualifying role.
The knowledge of tenses is not yet clear and it is recommended to strengthen it. Figuring out the basic structure of each tense is king.
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Buy a grammar book and take a look, you're asking too abstractly.
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Buy a grammar book and read it for yourself!!