Warring States Policy is an ancient part of our country

The Warring States Policy is not a history book. Rather, Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty compiled a book based on the stories of the Warring States Period, and the Warring States Policy (Intrigues of the Warring States) national history book. A compilation of the strategies and statements of lobbyists during the Warring States period.

At the beginning, there were names and books such as "National Policy", "State Affairs", "Words", "Short and Long", "Long Book", "Repair Book", etc., edited by Liu Xiang, and Liu Xiang compiled 33 articles at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and the title of the book was also formulated by Liu Xiang. In the Song Dynasty, there was already a deficiency, and Zeng Gong made a correction. There is a high temptation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is now incomplete.

Song Baobiao changed the order of the original book and made new notes. Wu Yuanshi Dao wrote "School Notes", modern Jin Zhengwei has "Supplementary Interpretation", and today's Miao Wenyuan has "New Notes on Warring States Policy".

Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province unearthed the Western Han Dynasty silk book, which describes the current affairs of the Warring States Period, and is named "Warring States Zonghengjia Book", which is similar to the content of this book.

Warring States Policy is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese historiography. It is a country-specific history book. The book is divided into 12 policies, a total of 33 volumes, and a total of 497 articles.

The recorded history, from the destruction of the Fan clan by Zhibo in 490 BC to the defeat of Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC, is about 120,000 words. It is one of the most accomplished and influential works of pre-Qin historical prose. Editor of "Warring States Policy" - Liu Xiang.

The Warring States Policy mainly describes the political propositions and strategies of the Zongheng family in the Warring States Period, shows the historical characteristics and social features of the Warring States Period, and is an important classic for the study of the history of the Warring States Period.

"Warring States Policy" is one of the most complete works in ancient China that records the political struggles of the Warring States Period. It is actually a compilation of the lobbying words of the Zongheng family at that time, and the changes in the situation of the Seven Kingdoms at that time, the combination of vertical and horizontal, the prolongation of wars, and the change of regime are all related to the advice of strategists and the debate of wise men, so it has important historical value. The book is beautifully written, the language is vivid, full of eloquence and wit, and the characters are vividly described, and it also occupies an important position in the history of classical literature in China.

Warring States Policy is good at argumentation and narrative, good at describing characters, fluent and lively, and has an important position in China's prose poetry. Fables are often used to illustrate the truth, and the famous fables include "Painting the Snake to Add Feet", "Mending the Dead", "The Three Holes of the Cunning Rabbit", "The Fox and the False Tiger" and so on.

Warring States Policy, also known as "National Policy", is Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.

A national history book compiled. The original author is unknown, and it is generally believed that it was not written by a single person. Most of the materials date back to the Warring States period, including the works of strategists and historical records.

The original title of the book is unknown, the author of the Chinese chapter of the book does not know who it is, and the conclusion of the book is not provisional.

During the Spring and Autumn period, the mining system was destroyed and eventually abandoned, iron farming tools and animal power appeared, a large number of private fields were produced, and a large number of freemen and peasants were produced. With the decline of the imperial family, the Xindakai national alliance with the Zhou royal family as the core gradually collapsed, marked by the "three ethnic groups" and "Tianjia Daiqi", the old slavery system collapsed, and the social system.

Beginning to feudalism.

Transition. In such a large historical environment, some scholars who are well versed in learning have begun to pay more attention to politics and their own development, focusing their attention on the development of the times and new social phenomena, and taking the lead in breaking the old traditions, so a group of "scholars with different opinions" have emerged in society. They pay attention to the changes in themselves and society, and gradually form their own theories.

Against this historical background, military science and strategic thinking, diplomatic strategy, and strategic principles came into being, and the continuum of these ideas and strategies was designed or operated.

of lobbyists stepped onto the stage of history. However, the process of lobbying is not simply lip service and gambling. After all, lobbyists are generally high-level or even core figures in various countries.

If you want to impress the other party, you must understand the political, economic, military, cultural, diplomatic and other issues of the country or power where the lobbyist is located. It is likely that the manuscripts or primary materials of the Warring States Policy were textbooks or lecture scripts used by these lobbying individuals or groups on how to persuade the target to accept their opinions under certain conditions, even if they stubbornly insisted on their opinions.

1.There are still many popular idioms left in the book "Warring States Policy", and some people count as many as 204. These idioms are not necessarily the four-character cases commonly used in later generations, some are extracted from sentences, and they also have the same meaning but different expressions, such as "a hundred dozen times", "a hundred steps to catch a teenager", "the hub beats the shoulder", "the shoulder rubs", "the opposite direction", "Beiyan Chu" and so on.

2.The language of "Warring States Policy" is to Han Fu.

There are certain influences, including euphemism, sarcasm, scrutiny, and exaggeration. Many scholars believe that those in the book are imitations.

The essence of the advice is the rhetoric, in other words, the resignation of later generations is directly related to the rhetoric of the "Warring States Policy".

3.There are many reasons why Han Fu has a great influence. In addition to some social contradictions in aesthetic concepts in the early Han Dynasty and the Warring States period.

In addition to similarity, there is another one, that is, the "Warring States Policy" as a historical book must be constrained by the principle of authenticity, and historians must treat historical facts as objectively as possible. The same is true of Han Fu, which does not focus on expressing the subject like other genres, so it is easy to adopt the penmanship of historians.

It is mainly to record the social outlook, and also to record many large-scale economic and military activities such as the Qing Dynasty. It can let people understand the living conditions of the Warring States period, and it is also an excellent historical work, which is convenient for people's research.

I believe that the purpose of the ancients in creating the Warring States Policy was to reflect the social outlook and the spiritual outlook of the scholars at that time; With vivid and tortuous stories to portray lifelike characters, his family holds the text and is fresh and fluent, full of literary brilliance, Wang Hezhi makes people understand the historical materials of the history of the Warring States Period, which is of great value to historical research.

It is to allow people to understand the ancient history, understand the political struggles during the Warring States period, and understand the changes and regime changes at that time. It will affect the literature of future generations, and it will also make people more aware of the Warring States Period, unify the ideological content and the form of Yichai Lap Shed Technique, and also improve the literary value of Suize.