What are the characteristics of cupbearery in ancient China?

In ancient China, there was no cupbearer, only when the banquet was set up, there were servants who helped to pick up the dishes, unlike the ancient Egyptian dynasty, there was no poison test.

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There is a shortage of food, and private brewing is basically prohibited.

Butler is the sum total of the institutional policies formulated and implemented by the state for the production, circulation, sale and use of liquor.

A peculiarity of wine.

Among the many daily necessities, wine is a very special item. This is because:

1. The raw material of China's liquor is mainly grain, which is an important substance related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Because brewing is generally very profitable, it has often occurred in history that large brewers have purchased large quantities of grain for brewing and competed with the people for food, and when there is a conflict between the raw materials and rations of winemaking, the state must implement strong administrative measures to intervene.

2. Brewing and using sake is a very common social activity. First of all, the production of sake is very popular, and wineries can produce it on a large scale, and families can produce it for their own use. Due to the relatively simple production method and relatively short production cycle, sake brewing can be used at any time as long as food is abundant.

The direct production of liquor is inextricably linked to many industries in society; The consumption of wine is also very wide, such as the combination of wine industry and catering industry, which accounts for a large proportion of social life. The state's management of the liquor industry is a very complex system engineering.

3 Since the implementation of liquor in the country, generally speaking, liquor is a high value-added commodity. In ancient times, the people who could open a winery in the society were often rich businessmen, and the opening of the winemaking industry brought them a lot of money, but the wealth was too concentrated in the hands of these people, which was not beneficial to the country. The frequent disturbances and changes of the cupbearer are actually the result of the competition for wine profits, that is, the competition between different interest groups for wine profits.

Even in contemporary times, there are certain contradictions in the distribution of wine profits in different industries, different management, and different circulation links.

4. Wine is a special food. It is not a necessity of life, but it has some special functions, as the ancients said"Wine is a gift, wine is a cure, and wine is a joy"Wine is indispensable for these specific occasions. However, wine is regarded as a luxury by people, and without it, it will not slow down Tongxiang and affect people's normal life; Moreover, alcohol can make people addicted, and drinking too much alcohol can make people drunk, cause trouble, and hurt the body, and people use it as the source of trouble.

How to manage the liquor industry according to the actual situation, so that the production, circulation and consumption of liquor are on the right track, so that the positive effects of liquor can be brought into play and the negative effects can be suppressed.

For thousands of years, it is precisely based on these considerations that successive rulers have implemented various management policies for this widely influential product, from letting go of it to holding it tightly. There are pros and cons to these measures, the degree of implementation has been loose and tight, and people have criticized and deprecated them in history.

In the Tang Dynasty, wine was put in large containers and placed in a deep cellar. This is a way to keep the wine longer.

The high-end liquor of the Tang Dynasty was made by ** and provided to **, and the terminal wine was sold in the market, while the wine made by the people was basically low-end wine.

The Tang Dynasty** had relatively loose control over alcohol, and stipulated that "those who indulge in alcohol in the world will be exempted from forced labor." Such a tax system, as well as political stability and a prosperous market, have promoted the development of the wine industry.