Urgent Historical Records Selected Reading of the Book of River Canals Literary knowledge collatio

Original text: Since the Son of Heaven was on the river to decide, he mourned for the failure of the achievement, but composed a song and said: "What can I do about the gourd decision?"

1 > for the river in winter.

The extension of the road is relaxed from the normal flow < 3 >, and the dragon travels far away. Return to the old Sichuan Xi Shen Zai Pei < 4 >, do not seal Zen Xi and know the outside! For me, why is it not benevolent to the river, and the flood is not only sorrowful?

The mulberry is floating and full of water, and the water is slow for a long time. One said: "The river soup is turbulent and < 5 >, and it is difficult to < 6 > in the north crossing."

Shen Meiyu < 7 >, and Hebo Xu Xi's salary does not belong to <8 >. Salary is not a crime of guarding people, how can burning depression resist water! The decadent forest bamboo and stone < 9 >, and the house is stuffed with ten thousand blessings.

So he stuffed the gourd and built the palace on it, which was called Xuanfang Palace. And the road north to the north of the second canal, the old traces of Yu are restored, and the land of Liangchu is restored, and there is no flood.

Translation: Since the Son of Heaven came to the place where the river was broken, he mourned the failure of the Saihe River, and sang: "What is the way to solve the river of Guzi, the dwellings of Hao Hao Khan and Khan have been all rivers."

The river is uneasy, the river work is endless, and the mountain has been chiseled. My mountain has been flattened, the huge wilderness is flowing out, and the water tribe is noisy and forcing the sky to rise. The river is wasted, the water is off the normal flow, and the dragon is swimming far away.

The water returns to the old way, God is blessed, if you don't seal Zen, how can you know about it! Sue Hebo for me, why is he unkind, and the flood is not endless, and it is sad. The river is soaked in Sang, Huai, Surabaya is full, and I don't return to my hometown for a long time, but I hope that the water flow will be a little slower.

The other is: "The river soup soup is rapid, and the north crossing is back, and it is difficult to dredge and serve the dredging." Expose the grass in the mouth, Shen Meiyu in the river, He Bofan quietly quarreled and indulged in the water and the lack of firewood.

There is not enough firewood, and the defenders are convicted. The people are not enough to burn firewood, how to resist water! The bamboo of the Qi Garden blocks the stone pillars, and blocks the Xuanfang.

So he blocked the gourd and broke the river, and built a palace at the breach, which was named Xuanfang Palace. And build two canals to divert the river water to the north, restored the appearance of Yushi, Liang and Chu areas have been peaceful again, and there is no flood.

Su Yuan said: This is a description of ancient Chinese waterways, and the ancient ancestors managed the waterways with their bare hands like drawing a map, which is amazing.

In order to deepen the understanding of classical Chinese, the more difficult fragments are extracted here. Today, the good teacher is meditating, and the reading tools are insufficient, and it is difficult to understand.

<>1. The term water conservancy was first seen in the "Filial Piety and Prudence" chapter in the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" at the end of the Warring States Period, but the word "water conservancy" it talks about refers to the benefits of fishing. From about 104 BC to 91 BC, the Western Han historian Sima Qian wrote the "Historical Records", in which the "Book of River Canals" was the first general history of water conservancy in China. The secretary recounted a series of historical facts of river control and flood control, canal navigation and water diversion irrigation in the historical period from Yu to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

It's very slow, and water is also at stake! He also pointed out that "since then, the users have argued about water conservancy and disturbance of slippery arguments." Since then, the term water conservancy has the meaning of flood control, irrigation, shipping, and other harmful effects.

In modern times, due to the continuous development of social economy and technology, the connotation of water conservancy is also constantly enriching and expanding. In 1933, the resolution of the third annual meeting of the Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society clearly pointed out: "The scope of water conservancy should include eight kinds of projects: flood control, drainage, irrigation, hydraulic engineering, waterways, water supply, sewage canals, and port engineering."

Among them, "water power" refers to the use of water, and "sewage canal" refers to urban drainage. In the second half of the 20th century, water conservancy and soil conservation, water resources protection, environmental water conservancy, water conservancy and fishery projects, as well as non-engineering contents such as water resources dispatching and management, water administration management, etc., were added to water conservancy, and the meaning of water conservancy became more extensive.

2. Therefore, the definition of the term water conservancy can be summarized as: the use of various engineering measures or non-engineering measures to control, regulate, guide, develop, manage and protect the water in nature (such as rivers, lakes, oceans and groundwater), so as to reduce and eliminate flood and drought disasters and meet the water needs of human life and industrial production. The body of knowledge that studies the technical theories and methods of such activities and their objects is called hydraulic science.

The project used to control and allocate surface water and groundwater in nature to achieve the purpose of eliminating harm and rejuvenating profits is called water conservancy project.

Polysemy.

Vehicles on land, boats on water: Carry: Ride.

Follow the mountains and rivers, let the soil be a tribute, let it follow, follow it.

The same is the reverse river, into the Bohai reverse, to meet each other, the nine rivers are the same as the water of a big river, and it will be introduced into the sea Zhuxia Ai'an, and the merit is applied to three generations. Ai (yì), governance. Shi, continue, extend the harm of foaming water: avoid.

Qin thought so, and the envoy made a ditch: repair, build.

So the Son of Heaven made Ji Di and Zheng Shixing people to be plugged in vain: ordinary people and criminals are not easy to use manpower as a strong block, and they may not be plugged by heaven Ying Tian: corresponding to the will of heaven, in line with the old way of Shu from the old way, so the road is more than Han, and the return is far away.

Hui: The loop twists and turns today through the Bao ramp, Shaohan, nearly 400 miles. Today:

If the praise of the water to the slope, more than 100 miles. Absolutely: Crossing the water.

And praise the oblique wood and bamboo arrows, intended in Bashu. Compare: Compare.

More than 20 years old since the river duel, the number of years has not been listed: the harvest of the Son of Heaven is on the river, and the mourning is not successful: pity.

Ancient and modern meanings. This is especially true for China. China: Central Plains.

and Mengjin, Luo Xuan, as for Dapi As for: arrived.

At different times, Kanto Cao Su went from Weizhong to different times: usually.

More than 300 miles to the river, path. Path: The road is straight and less tortuous.

Cao from the east and west of Shandong, the area east of the Kuoshan Mountains.

Water is declining: Water flows downward.

Fake words. However, the river overflows and the disaster is clear.

Therefore, the Dao River is guided by the Longmen Road from the stone calendar.

The two canals are separated from each other in order to lead its rivers to Tongsi.

And Han heard that Qin Zhi was very happy, and he wanted to stop being tired, tired, and used it to move.

Literal words. Naiwu two canals to lead its river to: come.

So Guanzhong is a fertile field, no fierce years, Qin is rich and strong: so in Chu, the west is through the canal Han Shui, Yunmeng Ye Yu: in.

It is convenient for the pillar to be compared to: than.

Tang asked about it, because of the words: therefore.

Honesty can make ten stones of sincerity: if.

Utilize parts of speech. Ximen Leopard diverted water to irrigate Ye, so as to enrich the Wei River and make the ......Rich southeast into the wilderness, through Huai, Si. Southeast, to the southeast.

More than 300 miles to the river, the path, easy to water. 漕: 漕運, verb.

This loss saves the pawn, and the land fertilizer in the fertilizer passes: make the move, make the ......Fertile Lingqi people water worker Xu Bobiao. Table: Measure the elevation of the terrain with a table to determine the direction of the water flow. The masterpiece moves from the east and west of the mountain: westward, the masterpiece moves.

Then the farmer cannot be compensated for farming: farming.

Under the Imperial Historian Zhang Tang: The name moves, (the Son of Heaven) is handed over to (subordinates) from the oblique down to the Wei. Below: The inflow of the river overflows, and it is especially harmful to China. Only for business. Only the management of the river is regarded as a top priority.

Wear Erjiang Chengdu in omitted, wear Erjiang (in) Chengdu.

What can I do? Nahe: Put the ......What to do? What to do?

Alas, water is also at stake! Inverted sentence, the predicate "very much" is inverted.