What is the relationship between national accounts and enterprise economic statistics?

"Introduction to National Economic Statistics" is divided into designated textbooks for self-examination professional examinations such as finance and taxation, finance, insurance, investment and management, industrial and commercial administration, industrial and commercial enterprise management, management engineering, agricultural economic management, munitions management, accounting, human resource management, marketing, financial management, enterprise financial management, energy management, etc.

The contents of industrial and commercial administration, industrial and commercial enterprise management, management engineering, agricultural economic management, munitions management, accounting, human resource management, marketing, enterprise financial management, and enterprise financial management are basically the same.

The research scope of national economic statistics is the whole national economic phenomenon, such as the material basis of social reproduction, labor resource statistics, capital flow statistics, national economic efficiency statistics, etc.

The content of this course can be divided into two main parts:

The first part (Chapters 1-7) discusses the general principles and methods of socio-economic statistics, such as: socio-economic statistics and the concepts, scopes, and research objects of socio-economic statistics; Procedures and methods of statistical investigation, statistical collation, and statistical analysis.

The second part (Chapters 8-15) discusses the basic principles and methods of national economic accounting and analysis. It covers all aspects of social reproduction, such as: the conditions of social reproduction, the various links of the social reproduction process such as production, circulation and distribution, the establishment of the index system and the analysis and measurement methods of the social reproduction efficiency, as well as the basic framework and main ideas of the new national accounting system.

According to the different economic accounting methods of China's socks, domestic units are usually divided into the following four categories:

1.State-owned units: Units owned or controlled by the state, including state-owned enterprises, wholly state-owned enterprises, state-controlled enterprises, etc. Most of these units have strong operating profitability and are directly managed by the first company, which has a greater impact on economic operation.

2.Collective units: It is composed of rural collective ownership economy, urban collective enterprises, and township reform enterprises. Most of these units are less profitable, but they play an important pillar role in rural areas and townships.

3.Non-public units: including joint-stock enterprises, limited liability companies, private enterprises, etc. Most of these units are highly profitable and are owned or controlled by individuals or non-state-owned enterprises.

4.All kinds of social organizations: including ** institutions, political parties, social groups, social service organizations, etc., most of these units are non-profit organizations, providing services for social services and public welfare.

Answer] The scope of the subject of :d national economic accounting, the internationally accepted definition principle is the "principle of permanent economic units". The so-called permanent economic unit refers to the economic unit with a center of economic interests in the economic territory of a country next to Chai Liang.

National economic accounting is a macroeconomic accounting for the entire national economy or social reproduction.

National accounts have two meanings:

First, it is broadly defined, including statistical accounting, accounting, and business accounting. They complement each other, divide labor and cooperate, and organically form the national accounting system;

The second is in a narrow sense, which only refers to the statistical accounting of the comprehensive balance of the national economy. National economic accounting can be divided into five levels, namely, the economic accounting of enterprises (units), the economic accounting of departments (rows and broad industries), the economic accounting of regions, the economic accounting of the whole country, and the economic accounting of the international.

The so-called national economy is the sum total of the activities of the entire society within a country (or region) and in a certain historical period.

National accounts are closely related to accounting.

Accounting is to account for the production and operation process and results of enterprises and institutions through balance sheets, profit and loss statements (including profit distribution statements and business income and expenditure statements) and statements of changes in financial status from the perspective of funds, which is consistent with the requirements of national economic accounting focusing on the value of flow and stock; The credit and debit accounting of accounting is also basically similar to the double-entry accounting of the revolving account of the national economy.

The difference between national economic accounting and accounting lies first in the fact that the former is "social accounting" and "macro accounting", and generally does not have a clear object (unit), while the latter is generally micro accounting, which is implemented in specific objects, and at the same time, accounting is only collected according to the nature of the expenses of the recipient and the expenditure, and does not care whether the income and expenditure are transferable, property, or consumer; It also does not care whether the recipient is an individual, a business, an administrative enterprise, or another institution (although there are records, they are not necessarily categorized). Therefore, there is a difference between national accounts and accounting in principle. From accounting to national accounting, it is necessary to go through the transformation of data, the withering of content, and the rearrangement of accounts.

Economics is the theoretical basis of national accounting; National accounts use the form of accounting accounts and double-entry accounting methods, and most of the information required for them is also based on micro accounting. However, the accounting objects and objectives are different between the two, and the accounting principles, valuation bases and accounting methods are also different.

National economic accounting is the use of statistical means to systematically describe and explain the operation process of the national economy, for the purpose of monitoring economic behavior. Economic analysis, international comparison, policy analysis and formulation, as well as macroeconomic regulation and management services.

The object of national accounts is the complex economic system composed of the national economy, which is composed of thousands of units of economic activity. If examined according to the function of economic activities, these units of economic activity can be divided into two categories, namely, grassroots units of national economic activities and institutional units. They are the micro basis of national accounts.

The theoretical basis for production accounting is gross domestic product. There are two kinds of measures of the value of the results of production, one is the measure of the total value of the results of production, which is generally called the total output value or total output. The other is measured by the added value of the production results, which is generally called the added value.

In industrial sector accounting, (1)-(3) is calculated from the newly added value in the whole process of production of the product, while (4)-(8) is calculated from the part of the new value added in the whole process of production of the service.

5. The national accounting system uses a series of problem indicators to describe the various stages and connections of the reproduction cycle of the national economy. In the production stage, GDP is used to reflect the final results of national economic production. In the income distribution stage, the aggregate characteristics of the primary distribution and redistribution of national economic income are mainly reflected by the indicators of national primary income and total national disposable income.

In the field of end-use consumption, the characteristics of total consumption are reflected by the final consumption expenditure; Capital formation is used to reflect the total amount used in the field of accumulation.

From the perspective of economic cycle theory, the national accounting system is to take the national economy as an organically linked whole, reflecting the overall circulation or operation of the national economy. The process of national economic circulation is also the whole process of social reproduction, including the unified process of production, distribution, exchange, and use. Therefore, from this point of view, the answer "c social reproduction is" is correct.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is an important indicator of a country's economic health. Since 1993, the National Bureau of Statistics has officially used the indicator of "gross domestic product" as the core indicator of China's national economic accounting.