Current status of marine pollution in China, current status and causes of marine pollution in 2022

When the last drop of clear water "ticks" to the ground, it is our tears; When the last grass is buried under the yellow sand, the air will become unfresh. Environmental protection is not a new issue for us, as every ordinary person in real life now, although it is impossible to directly engage in environmental protection work, but we can start from small things, starting from me.

Now, water is constantly warning us. Scientists have come up with a set of figures: two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by water, but it is seawater, and 87% of the fresh water is polar ice sheets, glaciers, and snow that are difficult for humans to use.

All this water goes? How do humans use it? Look, a primary school student in a certain city is on duty, this is the bucket of water is almost gone, he came to the pool to fetch water, but after the water was beaten, he did not tighten the faucet, let the water flow away, but he ignored it.

He also sang a song and walked away. By the time others find out, the lost water will last us for days. Incidents of water pipe leaks occur from time to time in the city.

So it's a pity that water resources are lost in vain!

But now the clean stream is gone, replaced by black water. There is also a large amount of garbage and dead fish floating on the surface of the water, and there is a pungent stench everywhere. Now that the economy has developed, life is also rising, and people have built factories near Chaoyang Creek.

They discharged sewage into Chaoyang Creek for convenience, and people on both sides of the river also threw garbage into the stream "desperately". The people who passed by covered their mouths and ran.

But it was also said on TV: "Everyone is responsible for saving resources." "Our family is very focused on conserving water, reusing it a lot, and every time we flush the toilet, we take it for granted.

Because of this, our family saves water bills and water resources, which is really the best of both worlds!

We should work together to protect the environment, protect the homes we depend on, and keep the clear rivers, green forests, blue skies and ......Let's work together for that better tomorrow!

The main causes of marine pollution are:

1) Oil tanker leakage;

2) ocean dumping of industrial waste;

3) Domestic sewage is discharged directly into the ocean;

4) Reclamation with household waste.

The hazards of marine pollution are:

1) Accumulation of toxins in marine food, which can cause people to get sick after eating;

2) reduce seafood and endanger human food sources;

3) Death of plankton, reduction of the ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide, and acceleration of the greenhouse effect;

4) Death or deformity of marine organisms and alteration of the ecological balance of the entire ocean.

The main efforts being made by mankind to protect the oceans are:

1) Prohibition of dumping of industrial waste into the ocean;

2) Domestic sewage treatment before discharge into the sea;

Status of marine pollution in 2022: According to the 2009 China Marine Environmental Quality Bulletin, in 2009, 146,980 square kilometers of China's waters did not meet the water quality standards for clean seas, an increase from the previous year. The heavily polluted sea areas are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay, Pearl River Estuary and some large and medium-sized cities.

The main pollutants in seawater are inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphates and petroleum. Causes of marine pollution in 2022:

1. Land-based pollution. Large quantities of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater are simply or indirectly discharged into the ocean. Land-based sources of pollutants have the widest range and largest quantities, and have the greatest impact on the marine environment.

2. Pollutants emitted by ships. China has more than 100,000 motor vessels of all kinds, and tens of thousands of foreign ships enter China's ports and sail through the waters under China's jurisdiction every year, and a large number of oily sewage is discharged into the sea.

3. Pollution from offshore oil exploration and development. There are several Dadanshouting oil fields and more than a dozen petrochemical enterprises along the coast of China, and the amount of oil that runs, runs, drips, and leaks is very considerable, and more than 100,000 tons of oil enter the sea every year.

4. Pollution caused by manual dumping of waste. In the spring, the ocean is used as a big "garbage bin" and waste is dumped at will. Such as Dalian Xianglu Reef Coast, Huludao, Qingdao, Wenzhou, Zhanjiang and other places, put garbage, slag and other waste.

1. Land-based pollution: seas, rivers and other ways enter the ocean. The application of chemical pesticides on coastal farmland, and the disposal and piling of garbage and waste on the shore and beach can also cause pollution damage to the environment.

2. Ship pollution: Ships on board discharge oil or other harmful substances into the sea for various reasons. Ship pollution mainly refers to the pollution of the surrounding water environment and atmospheric environment caused by ships in the process of navigation, berthing at ports, loading and unloading of goods.

3. Marine accidents: ship grounding, aground, collision, oil blowout and oil pipeline leakage, etc.

4. Marine dumping: a treatment method for dumping waste into the ocean to reduce land environmental pollution. The act of disposing of debris or other hazardous substances into the sea through ships, aircraft, platforms or other means of transport.

It also includes the abandonment of ships, aircraft, platforms and other floating instruments.

5. Coastal engineering construction: Some coastal engineering construction has changed the natural characteristics of coasts, tidal flats, subtidal zones and their subsoils, and destroyed the ecological balance and coastal landscape of the ocean.

Marine pollution is characterized by many sources, strong persistence, wide spread, and difficult to control. The turbidity of the sea caused by marine pollution seriously affects the photosynthesis of marine plants (phytoplankton and seaweed), thus affecting the productivity of the sea and is also harmful to fish. Toxic substances such as heavy metals and toxic organic compounds accumulate in the sea area and cause poison to marine animals and other animals that feed on them through the enrichment of marine organisms.

1. The Gulf of Mexico, surrounded by the United States, Mexico and Cuba, is the most polluted ocean in the world. The water here is highly polluted with nitrogen and phosphorus from American agriculture, and the oxygen content is very low, making it difficult for fish to survive here.

2. The North Atlantic Ocean is also highly polluted. In the North Atlantic, in the northern Caribbean Sea, there is a huge garbage dump that covers hundreds of square kilometers and contains more than 200,000 pieces of plastic per square kilometer, which is as dense as the Pacific garbage dump. It was first discovered in 1972 and has been growing ever since.

3. The Indian Ocean, according to data from the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) project, the Indian Ocean is polluted over an area of nearly 4 million square miles. Scientists also claim that tropical storms are becoming more common in the Arabian Sea, part of the Indian Ocean, as a result of this pollution. In 2010, a huge dump filled with plastic and chemical residues was also discovered in the Indian Ocean, which is now classified as the third largest marine dump in the world.

4. Mediterranean, every year, many people around the world go to the Mediterranean coast to soak up the sun on the beach. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, 100 million tonnes of sewage and a total of 230,000 tonnes of mineral oil, mercury, lead and phosphate are discharged into the Mediterranean Sea every year.

5. The Baltic Sea, located between Northern Europe and Central Europe, has become one of the most polluted oceans on earth. Due to the long-term dumping of industrial and agricultural waste, eutrophication, heavy sea traffic and overfishing, this semi-enclosed sea is becoming more and more polluted, and the concentration of poisons in the sea is quite high, and Greenpeace has warned pregnant women not to eat fish from the Baltic Sea.

6. Caribbean Sea, the Caribbean Sea is also another place in the world known for its beautiful beaches, but it is also recognized as one of the most polluted areas in the world. This area is one of the most oil-producing regions in the world, producing about 170 million tonnes per year**, so spills are frequent. Moreover, WHO estimates that more than 80 per cent of wastewater from neighbouring countries is discharged directly into the ocean without proper treatment.

As many as 40% of the world's oceans are considered to be "severely impacted" by human activities, including pollution, fisheries depletion, and coastal habitat loss. According to the United Nations, plastic pollution alone is estimated to contain at least 8 million tonnes of plastic products into the ocean every year, equivalent to an average of one truckload of plastic waste being dumped into the sea every second, with a serious impact on marine life, fisheries, and tourism.

The increasing pollution of the sea has directly threatened the survival and reproduction of marine life, and many marine life has been on the verge of extinction and has been crying out for help to mankind. According to some sources, it takes 5 to 7 years for organisms in the sea area to reproduce after oil pollution. One kilogram of oil is completely oxidized, which requires the consumption of 400,000 liters of dissolved oxygen in seawater.

This will cause the lack of oxygen in the seawater, which will lead to the suffocation and death of marine life. At the same time, when the oil leaks to the surface of the sea, a photooxidation reaction will occur a few hours later, and the peroxides generated, such as quinones, ketones, alcohols, phenols, carboxyls, acids and sulfur oxides, are very toxic to marine life. On the other hand, oil night can easily block the respiratory organs of sea beasts and fish, and can also suffocate sea beasts and fish.

According to studies, when the concentration of oil in seawater is milligrams, the deformity rate of hatched fish is 25% to 40%; When the oil concentration of seawater is 1 mg, the larvae of sea shrimp can die within 24 hours1 2;Seawater containing 1 of diesel emulsion can completely prevent the photosynthesis of seaweed seedlings. Oil pollution also affects the genetic organs of fish in the ocean, causing fish to reproduce smaller and smaller offspring.

Under the dual hazards of marine pollution and indiscriminate fishing, marine biological resources are gradually decreasing. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, catches in the world's most abundant fisheries have been declining for more than 20 years. At present, 60 per cent of the 200 marine fish stocks are overcaught or declining.

The world's marine fishery resources are in danger of depletion, with 25% of fishing grounds destroyed and 13 of the world's 17 major fisheries facing difficulties. Some species are on the verge of extinction. There are only 15 precious orchid whales left, more than 1,000 fin whales, and the most beloved gray whale is almost extinct.

The number of dolphins, walruses and seals is also declining. The 3-tonne, vulnerable and seagrass-dependent manatee became extinct in a few years after it was discovered in 1741 due to massive human capture. In recent years, giant whales have been found to commit mass suicide, a large number of seabirds have died, and 30 species of seabirds are threatened with extinction.

Due to the high level of pollution in the Mediterranean, plankton and plants, as well as the animals that feed on them, have become extinct in many areas. A French marine environmental protection expert exclaimed: If urgent measures are not taken to stop pollution, all life in the Mediterranean will die in 30 years.

In the North Sea, thousands of dead birds, dead fish and tar pitch blocks wash up on beaches every day with the tide. In 1986, the Black Sea was 900,000 tonnes of fish, and 10 years later it was only 100,000 tonnes. Forty percent of the fish caught from the sea to 50 suffer from "environmental diseases".

Forty percent of butterflyfish and flounder caught in 1985 suffered from liver cancer, some also suffered from ulcer disease, and the mercury and lead levels in their bodies were four times higher than normal.

1. Coastal industrial enterprises directly discharge sewage into the sea.

2. Rivers that flow into the sea, and these rivers have enterprises in the area through which they discharge sewage into the water body.

3. Due to the exhaust gas with pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, acid rain is formed, causing rainfall to enter the sea.

4. Overfishing destroys the ecological balance of the ocean.

5. Waste abandonment, pollutant leakage, and organic matter leakage from transport vessels.

6. Leakage and omission caused by marine underground mineral mining.

Summary. In fact, the marine pollution rate is a complex indicator, which usually requires specific analysis based on factors such as different pollution sources, pollutant types, and marine areas. Therefore, it is not possible to simply provide a global or national data on marine pollution rates.

However, according to the International Organization of the Marines, the global marine pollution problem is becoming more and more serious, including marine debris, plastic waste, oil pollution, etc. According to the data released by China**, the quality of China's marine environment has generally shown an improving trend, but there are still some outstanding problems, such as marine litter, seawater acidification, eutrophication, etc.

According to the information I have learned, the current status of marine litter pollution in 2022 is:

2020 2018 2016 2014.

In fact, the marine pollution rate is a complex indicator, which usually requires specific analysis based on factors such as different pollution sources, pollutant types, and marine areas. As a result, it is not possible to provide a simple global or national data on marine pollution rates. However, according to the International Maritime Organization, the global marine pollution problem is becoming more and more serious, including marine debris, plastic waste, oil pollution, etc.

According to the data released by China**, the quality of China's marine environment has generally shown an improving trend, but there are still some outstanding problems, such as marine litter, sea acidification, eutrophication, etc.

According to what I know, in 2019 the marine litter pollution rate was 44%.