Registers and memory uses and differences

Registers are an integral part of the processor. Registers are high-speed storage components with limited storage capacity that can be used to stage instructions, data, and addresses. In the control part of the processor, there are registers such as instruction registers (IR) and program counters (PC).

In the arithmetic and logical components of the processor, there is an accumulator (acc) in memory. The register is located inside the CPU, which is the place where the CPU takes data during the calculation, and all data must be passed from the memory to the register before the CPU can be used. The register size is very small, generally no more than 128 bytes, but the CPU uses the data in the registers with almost no delay and is very fast.

Memory is a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The concept is very broad, there are many levels, in a digital system, as long as the binary data can be stored can be memory; In integrated circuits, a circuit with storage functions that does not have a physical form is also called memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; In the system, storage devices with physical forms are also called memory, such as memory modules, TF cards, etc. All information in the computer, including the input raw data, computer programs, intermediate and final running results, is stored in memory.

It deposits and retrieves information according to the location specified by the controller. With memory, the computer has a memory function to ensure normal operation. The memory in a computer can be divided into primary memory (memory) and auxiliary memory (external memory) according to the purpose of memory, and there are also classification methods that divide it into external memory and internal memory.

External memory is usually magnetic media or optical discs, etc., which can store information for a long time. Memory refers to the storage part on the motherboard, which is used to store the data and programs that are currently being executed, but is only used to temporarily store programs and data, and the data will be lost when the power is turned off or the power is off.

Although registers and memory can memorize 2 base numbers, but the registers are inside the CPU, the number is generally small, and the CPU will name each register, directly access the register by name, the speed is very fast, the memory is outside the CPU, the number is very large, so generally give each storage unit an address, access the memory by address, because it is outside the CPU, so the CPU access memory should be in the bus (address bus, data bus, control bus) way, It's a lot slower than the registers.

There are many differences, and the general registers are relatively small. The memory is relatively large. Registers can be called directly by the CPU. Memory cannot be called directly.

The main function of the register is to store the data and results involved in the operation when temporarily setting up the luggage, and has the functions of receiving data, storing data and outputting data. Registers have very high read and write speeds, and data transfer between registers is very fast. A flip-flop division holds a binary **, and n flip-flops are required to store n-bit binary digits.

In computers and other computing systems, registers are a very important and indispensable digital circuit caustic, which usually consists of a flip-flop (D-flip-flop) and a gate circuit. When the traces are raised to the "Memory Pulse", the register positive merger can receive the data; The registers output the data only when the "readout" instruction is obtained.

The difference between registers and memory includes three aspects: function, speed, and nature.

1.The nature of registers and memory is different, and the two can be understood literally as one is a register and the other is storage. Then their specific principle is that the memory needs to get a part of the space from the CPU to store data and some computer operation instructions; Registers, on the other hand, are direct and temporary storage of data to perform operations.

2.Functionally, registers can be used to point to random locations in memory; And it can be used to read and write data to the computer's peripherals, while the memory can only be read and stored. There is also a difference between the two in terms of storage and read speed, and the register is faster than the memory because it is a limited space to read and store a limited amount of data.

3.The register is generally composed of NAND gates, which are generally integrated into the CPU. Its performance is relatively good, but it is also quite expensive to build.

In general, many high-end CPUs also only have a few megabytes of registered cache space. So the registers bring the cache, and the memory brings the storage space.

Registers exist in the CPU, which are fast and have a limited number; Memory is memory, which is slightly slower, but in large quantities. The function of a register is to store binary**, which is a combination of triggers that have a deficit in storage function. A flip-flop can store 1-bit binary **, so the register that stores n-bit binary ** needs to be composed of n flip-flops.

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System version: Win10 registers exist in the CPU, which is fast and limited; Memory is memory, which is slightly slower, but in large quantities. The function of a register is to store binary**, which is a combination of triggers with a storage function.

A flip-flop can store 1-bit binary **, so the register that stores N-bit binary ** needs to be composed of n flip-flops.

The difference between memory and register is:

1. Memory function: store instructions and data, and can be directly accessed by the ** hungry wide processor (CPU).

2. Register function: the data in the register can be used to perform arithmetic and logical operations; An address stored in a register can be used to point to a certain location in memory, i.e., addressing; It can be used to read and write data to the peripherals of the computer.

3. The speed of the register is much faster than the speed of the main memory, because the capacity of the register is limited, so the data that does not need to be operated is stored in the main memory, and the data in the main memory must be put into the register equipment to be able to operate.

4. To put it simply: the register is the place where the data is manipulated, and the memory is the place where the data is stored.

5. Registers generally refer to the D trigger derived from the basic RS flip-flop structure, which is a structure composed of some NAND gates, which is generally integrated in the CPU, and its read and write speed basically matches the running speed of the CPU, but because of the superior performance, it is expensive, and the general good CPU is only a few MB of class cache, and the level of the radical cache is smaller.

6. The memory is outside the CPU, generally refers to the hard disk, U disk and other devices that can save data after cutting off the power supply, the capacity is generally relatively large, the disadvantage is that the read and write speed is very slow, and the read and write speed of ordinary mechanical hard disk is generally about MB S. Memory and registers are multi-level storage mechanisms created to solve the problem of slow memory read and write speeds.