What were the ways in which information was transmitted in ancient times

Antiquity: China was one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized transmission information system. As early as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, information transmission was recorded.

Passing by horse is called a post pass, which is an early organized form of communication. Located in the square of Jiayuguan railway station, the "post envoy" sculpture, it is taken from the Jiayuguan Wei and Jin mural tombs, the post envoy holds a simple paper, the post horse is four-legged in the air, and the speed is fast. In 1982, the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation was used as a theme pattern for small stamps, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the birthplaces of China's information culture.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, a complete set of post transmission systems was formed. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents transmitted were divided into grades, and the documents of different grades should be transmitted by special personnel and horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. The sending and receiving of these documents must be registered, and the time should be indicated to clarify the responsibility.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the post industry developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transportation line of the Tang Dynasty took the capital Chang'an as the center, radiated to the four directions, and went directly to the border area, with a post station roughly 30 miles. According to the records of the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1,639 post stations in the country at its peak, with more than 20,000 people specializing in post services, including 17,000 post soldiers.

The post post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger, and each post station is equipped with a post house, equipped with a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post field.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were also clear regulations on the itinerary of the post post, and the land post fast horse walked 6 posts a day, that is, 180 miles, and then 300 miles a day, and the fastest required 500 miles a day; Walkers travel 50 miles a day; When sailing against the current, the river travels 40 miles, the river travels 50 miles, and the other 60 miles; When going down the river, it is always 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Shen wrote in the poem "The Judge of the Character on the Way to Longshan at the First Stage" that "one post passes through one post, and the post rides like a stream of stars; Pingming sent Xianyang, curtain and Longshantou". Here he compares the stagecoach to a shooting star.

On November 9, the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Tang Xuanzong was in Huaqing Palace, and the two places were separated by three thousand miles, and Tang Xuanzong knew the news within 6 days, and the transmission speed reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of post communication in the Tang Dynasty have reached a very high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were collectively referred to as "delivery", and "express delivery shops" appeared. There is a copper bell tied to the collar of the post horse of the express delivery, and when galloping on the road, the bell is ringed during the day, and the fire is raised at night, and the person who is killed is not responsible. Shop for horses, number of shops for people, rain or shine, day and night.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, the anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin'an from the front line by Song Gaozong with twelve gold medals.

In addition, there are bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, flags, wolf smoke and other ways to convey information.

One is the letter, which is distributed by the postman, riding to each post station, then changing horses, and finally sending the letter to the flying pigeon, which is to use the carrier pigeon, tie the letter to the pigeon's leg, and then release it, the carrier pigeon will return to the original place, and use the carrier pigeon brought from where to write the letter.

There are also some more informal rumors, storytelling, etc., people rumor to each other to spread information or that the bookkeeper will compile certain things into words and sing them in the way of storytelling, which is also regarded as information dissemination.

In addition, there are bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, flags, wolf smoke and other ways to transmit information on the Internet.

The East is mainly the flying pigeon to pass the book, the wolf smoke burned by the beacon tower, and then there is the post station that was built later, relying on people to ride horses to send letters, and there are also letters that are put in the belly of the fish, which is called "fish to pass the ruler". In the West, it's mainly drifting bottles.

Bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, flags, wolf smoke and other ways to convey information stations.

Flying pigeon biography, post station, Kong Ming lantern, beacon tower, ask people to bring a message (?)

The code of the fast horse, the letter, the message tree.

Most of them are translation station horses. Wolf Smoke, Banner Language, Official Document List, Holy Decree is also.

The flying pigeon passed the book, the beacon fire and the smoke of the waves, and the fast horse galloped.