What are organic compounds called What is this organic compound?

Organic compounds are carbon-containing compounds that are hydrocarbons and their derivatives. In general, organic compounds are structurally complex and very different in nature than inorganic compounds. Such as flammable, low melting point, unstable to heat, slow reaction and non-single product, etc.

But there are exceptions. For example, carbon tetrachloride can extinguish fires. Although carbon monoxide and carbonates contain carbon atoms, they are different in nature from typical organic compounds, so they are not classified as organic compounds.

Carbon-containing compounds, with the exception of some simple carbon-containing compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, carbides, cyanide, etc. In addition to carbon, the vast majority of organic compound molecules contain hydrogen, and some also contain elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur and phosphorus. There are nearly 6 million known organic compounds.

In the early days, organic compounds were substances obtained from animal and plant organisms. Since the synthesis of urea in 1828, the boundary between organic and inorganic matter has disappeared, but the term "organic" is still used for historical and customary reasons. Organic compounds are of great importance to humans, and all life forms on Earth are mainly composed of organic matter.

For example: fat, protein, sugar, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc. The metabolism of organisms and the genetic phenomena of organisms are involved in the transformation of organic compounds.

In addition, many substances that are closely related to human life, such as oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, natural and synthetic medicines, etc., are organic compounds.

C-containing compounds, but excluding C-containing compounds in inorganic chemistry such as CoCo2, H2Co3, NaCo3

It is generally considered to be a covalent compound containing the element carbon. Organic matter definitely contains the element carbon.

Organic compounds are hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives, referred to as organic matter. With the exception of water and some inorganic salts, the composition of living organisms is almost entirely organic, such as starch, sucrose, oils, proteins, nucleic acids, and various pigments. In the past, it was mistakenly believed that only animals and plants (organisms) could produce organic matter, so it was named "organic".

At present, not only many natural products can be synthesized by artificial methods, but also can be separated or transformed from animals and plants, coal, oil, natural gas, etc., into a variety of industrial and agricultural production and people's daily necessities, such as plastics, synthetic fibers, pesticides, artificial rubber, etc. Compared with inorganic substances, there are many types of organic compounds, which are generally more volatile, lower melting and boiling points, and slower (more complex) reactions. Soluble in organic solvents, and combustible.

Carbon atoms can be covalently bonded to each other to form a variety of structures, forming a huge number of different kinds of organic molecular backbones.

According to the basic structure, organic matter can be divided into 3 categories:

1) Open-chain compounds, also known as aliphatic compounds, because they were originally found in oils and fats. Its structure is characterized by the fact that carbon is connected to each other into a chain that does not close.

2) Carbon ring compounds (containing rings composed entirely of carbon atoms) can be divided into two subcategories: alicyclic compounds (which can be regarded as ring-closing by open-chain compounds in structure) and aromatic compounds (containing benzene rings).

3) Heterocyclic compounds (containing rings made up of carbon atoms and other elements). In a hydrocarbon molecule, the covalently attached carbon atom is the backbone, and the other bonds of the carbon are bonded to hydrogen. The hydrocarbon skeleton is very stable because the carbon atoms that form carbon-carbon single and double bonds enjoy the electron pairs between them equally.

The hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon can be replaced by different functional groups (functional groups) to produce different classes of organic matter. The functional groups determine the main properties of the molecule, so organic matter is also often classified according to its functional groups. The functional groups of organic biomolecules are much more chemically reactive than their hydrocarbon backbones, and they can change the geometry of neighboring atoms and the distribution of electrons on them, thus changing the chemical reactivity of the entire organic molecule.

From the functional groups in organic molecules, their chemical behavior and reactions can be analyzed and inferred. For example, enzymes (catalysts for cells) can identify specific functional groups in biomolecules and catalyze characteristic changes in their structure, and most biomolecules are multifunctional and contain two or more functional groups. Within these molecules, each type of functional group has its own chemical characteristics and reactions.

For example, amino acids have at least two functional groups – amino and carboxyl. The chemical properties of alanine are basically determined by its amino and carboxyl groups. For example, glucose is also a multifunctional biomolecule, and its chemical properties are basically determined by the two functional groups of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups.

The functional groups of biomolecules play an important role in their biological activity.

It seems to be an acyl compound. Aromatic compounds, containing benzene rings, and sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen. The result is related to the nature, and the structure is related to the nature. The nature reacts to the structure, and the nature determines the use.

Organic Compounds (German: organische verbindung; English: organic compound, organic chemical), referred to as organic matter, is a carbon-containing compound, except for carbon oxides (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide), carbonic acid, carbonate, bicarbonate, cyanide, thiocyanide, cyanate, metal carbides (such as calcium carbide), etc.

Organic. What are Organic Compounds? Know.

Explanation of organic compounds.

A general term for carbonaceous compounds (except for a few simple carbonaceous compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, etc.). It can be synthesized by human and industrial methods, and can also be separated from animals and plants, oil and natural gas. The province is called organic matter.

Decomposition of words Organic Interpretation Carbon-contained, especially organic solvents in which hydrogen atoms are attached to compounds on carbon atoms The parts of things are interrelated and inseparable, just like an organism organically related to each other. Originally refers to compounds related to or derived from living organisms, but now refers to compounds other than carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid Explanation of compounds consisting of two or more components, such as elements, arranged and combined with a certain structure according to a certain weight ratio, a substance with unique chemical properties Detailed explanation: Interpretation refers to a new substance formed by chemical reaction of two or more substances. Such as:

Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.

Organic compounds are compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen and contain carbon.

Organic compounds do not include carbon oxides and sulfides, carbonic acid, carbonates, cyanates, carbides, carbonyls, some organometallic compounds, and other carbonaceous substances that are mainly studied in inorganic chemistry. The simplest organic compound is methane, which is widely distributed in nature and is the main component of natural gas, biogas, coal mine tunnel gas, etc.

In addition to carbon, organic compounds may also contain elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur. Carbon also plays an almost irreplaceable role in inorganic chemistry, among which metal carbonyl clusters occupy half of today's inorganic chemistry. Therefore, organic compounds are all carbonaceous compounds, but carbonaceous compounds are not necessarily organic compounds.

Methods of classification of organic compounds

1. Classified according to functional groups.

The nature of classifying organic matter according to functional groups is determined by some atoms or atomic clusters in the structure of organic matter, and people call these atoms or atomic clusters functional groups. Functional groups determine the class, structure, and properties of organic matter. Generally, organic matter with the same functional group has similar chemical properties, and if the organic matter contains more than one functional group, it should also have the properties of multiple functional groups.

2. Classified according to carbon skeleton.

According to the molecular skeleton composed of carbon atoms, organic matter can be divided into chain compounds and cyclic compounds. Compounds containing benzene rings in the molecular structure of organic compounds are collectively referred to as aromatic compounds, and compounds without benzene rings in the molecular structure of organic compounds are collectively referred to as aliphatic compounds.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Organic Buried Search Compounds.